42 AMERICAN PIPIT OR TITLARK. 



often rises on wing to the height of eight or ten yards, and emits a few clear 

 and mellow notes, but returns to its consort or alights on the rock with a 

 suddenness in keeping with the short duration of its song, which is rarely 

 heard after the eggs are hatched. These birds leave Labrador and New- 

 foundland as soon as their young are able to fly, which is usually the case 

 about the middle of August. On the 6th of July 1833, in Labrador, I heard 

 this bird singing both on wing and on the ground. When on wing, it sings 

 while flying very irregularly in zigzags up and down; when on the rocks, it 

 stands erect, and I think produces a louder and clearer song. 



When returning northward in spring, their movements correspond with 

 the advancement of the season, and we found them to increase in number as 

 we proceeded, and to settle in all the favourable places. In the vicinity of 

 Charleston, as well as in that of New Orleans, where this species is very 

 abundant during winter, it is frequently seen seeking for food among the 

 castings of filth of all sorts, in company with the Turkey Buzzards and 

 Carrion Crows, and when disturbed, will alight on the roof of the nearest 

 building, on stakes or fences, as well as walls, and occasionally on the 

 branches of trees. 



Brown Lark, Alauda rufa, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. v. p. 89. 

 Anthcs Spinoletta, Bonap. Syn., p. 90. 

 Brown Titlark, Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. i. p. 49. Adult. 



Prairie Titlark, Anthus pipiens, Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. i. p. 408, Young. Brown 

 Titlark and Prairie Titlark, vol. v. p. 449. 



Hind claw longer than the toe, slightly arched, and very slender. Male, 

 in winter plumage, with the bill dusky, the legs and claws deep greenish- 

 brown; upper parts greyish-olive, tinged with green, and obscurely streaked 

 with dusky; a whitish band over the e}-e, cheeks brown; lower parts 

 brownish-white, the throat white, the sides and lower part of the neck, fore 

 part of breast, and sides of body marked with elongated, distinct, blackish- 

 brown spots; quills and tail-feathers dusky, margined with greenish-grey, 

 the lateral tail-feathers half white, the next obliquely white at the end. 

 Female similar. Male in summer with the bill black, the upper parts olive- 

 brown, tinged with grey; a greyish-white line over the eye, cheeks greyish- 

 brown; lower parts light yellowish-grey, the fore neck and breast often 

 deeply tinged with red, and marked with short, slender, brownish-black 

 spots, the sides streaked; quills and tail-feathers as in winter with the pale 

 margins less distinct. Young more tinged with green above, the bill paler, 

 with a great part of the lower mandible yellowish-red, the lower parts pale 

 yellowish-grey, with an obscure lunule of brownish-black on the fore neck, 



