THE TOWHE GROUND-FINCH. 169 



white, excepting at the base, and a longitudinal streak towards the tip, on 

 the outer web; the next two white on the inner web, towards the end. 

 Breast white, abdomen pale red; sides and lateral parts of the breast brown- 

 ish-red. 



Length Sj inches, extent of wings 12; beak along the ridge ^, along the 

 gap §; tarsus 1^, middle toe 1, hind toe £. 



Adult Female. 



The female is scarcely smaller, and differs from the male in having the 

 parts which in him are of a deep black, reddish-brown, excepting the bill, 

 which is almost entirely light blue, the ridge of the upper mandible only 

 being dark brown. 



Length S% inches. 



In the adult bird the iris is bright red, but in the young it is frequently 

 brown, and sometimes yellowish-white. In some instances, one eye is brown 

 and the other red. 



In an adult male preserved in spirits, the palate is ascending and deeply 

 concave; its two longitudinal ridges uniting in front, where there is a con- 

 siderable soft prominence; the upper mandible beneath flat, with a median 

 ridge and two lateral, broad and flattened ridges. The width of the mouth 

 is 5f twelfths. Posterior aperture of the nares linear, and strongly papillate, 

 as in all the species. Tongue 5^ twelfths long, fleshy above, toward the end 

 horny, convex, and with a median groove. (Esophagus 2 inches 4 twelfths 

 long, its greatest width 3 twelfths. Stomach a strong muscular gizzard, G 

 twelfths long, 10^ twelfths broad; the epithelium dense and longitudinally 

 rugous. Contents of stomach, seeds and husks of barley. Intestine 9| inches 

 long, 2 twelfths in width; the cceca A\ twelfths long, 1^ twelfths in breadth, 

 1^- inches from the extremity; rectum very slightly dilated. 



Trachea 1 inch 1\ twelfths long, 1 twelfth in breadth; its rings 75, 

 besides 2 dimidiate rings. Bronchi very slender, of 15 half rings. The 

 muscles as in all the other species. 



The Blackberry. 

 Rubcs viLLOsus, Willd., Sp. PI., vol. ii. p. 1085. Pursch, Fl. Amer., vol. i. p. 346.— 



IcOSANDRIA POLYGNIA, Linn.— RoSACEiE, JuSS. 



Pubescent, prickly, with angular twigs; the leaves ternate or quinate, with 

 ovato-oblong, serrate, acuminate leaflets, downy on both sides; the calycine 

 leaves short, acuminate; and a loose raceme of white flowers. The berry is 

 black. This species grows abundantly in old fields and by fences. 



Vol. III. 29 



