X90 WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. 



The young female resembles the old one, but has less yellow on the rump 

 and under parts. 



I have carefully compared skins of the American bird with others of that 

 found in Scotland, but have not succeeded in detecting any differences suffi- 

 cient to indicate a specific distinction. 



The Hemlock Spruce. 



Pinus canadensis, Mich., Arbor. Forest., vol. i. p. 137, pi. 13. Pursch, Fl. Amer. Sept., 

 vol. ii. p. 640. — Moncecia Monadelphia, Linn. — Conifers, Juss. 



The hemlock or Canadian spruce is characterized by its solitary, flat, 

 somewhat distichous leaves, and very small ovate terminal cones. It is one 

 of the most majestic and beautiful trees of the forests of the Middle States, 

 where it grows abundantly in certain parts, such as the Great Pine Forest, 

 the Pocano Mountains, &c, extending from Carolina to the extremity of 

 Maine. The wood is not considered equal to that of the true pines, and 

 unless kept dry very soon decays, but the bark is excellent for tanning. 

 The height sometimes reaches a hundred feet, and the diameter near the 

 base is often six feet or more. 



WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. 



^-Loxia Leucoptera, Gmel. 



PLATE CCI. — Male, Female, and Young. 



I found this species quite common on the islands near the entrance of the 

 Bay of Fundy, which I visited early in May 1833. They were then jour- 

 neying northwards, although many pass the whole year in the northern parts 

 of the State of Maine, and the British provinces of New Brunswick and 

 Nova Scotia, where, however, they seem to have been overlooked, or con- 

 founded with our Common American Crossbill. Those which I met with 

 on the islands mentioned above were observed on their margins, some 

 having; alighted on the bare rocks, and all those which were alarmed 



