On the Aborigines of Brazil. 9 



which he calls the Brazilio-Guarani. The race of the Ando- 

 Peruvians subdivided again into Peruvians and Antisians, east 

 of the Bolivia Andes chain, and Araucanians, is supposed to 

 be distinguished by olive-brown complexion, small stature, 

 forehead little elevated and retiring, eyes horizontal, never 

 turned upwards at the outer angle. The race of Pampas- 

 Indians (subdivided into the Pampas Chiquitos and Moxos), is 

 on the other hand characterised by olive-brown complexion, 

 stature often very tall, well arched forehead, eyes placed 

 horizontally, sometimes slightly turned upwards at the outer 

 angle. The Brazilio-Guarani race, by yellow complexion, 

 middling stature, slightly arched forehead, eyes oblique and 

 raised at the outer angle. 



My own observations, though made among races scat- 

 tered over the space of twenty degrees or more, do not 

 sanction any such subdivision. While in different localities, 

 I have seen individuals removed from the characteristics 

 ascribed to the Brazilian race by D'Orbigny, and coming 

 nearer at one time to those of the Ando-Peruvian, at ano- 

 ther to those of the Pampas race, yet I could not resist the 

 conviction that the physical peculiarities common to any one 

 race or tribe, were chiefly dependent on climatic influ- 

 ences, its mode of life, and whole state of development, in 

 short, that there were no exclusive physical marks of dis- 

 tinction, for the members of a population, which, as proved 

 by many circumstances, is now excessively mixed, and has 

 given up the character of an independent race along with 

 the loss of its history and national independence.* 



After these more general observations, which however 

 appeared to be necessary, in order to define the ground from 

 which I meant to sketch my portrait, I now proceed to give 



* It may be l'emarked that the basis of D'Orbigny's classification is chiefly 

 geographical. The little that is known of the South American languages, scarcely 

 aids in classifying the native races, and as far as it goes, does not seem to bear 

 him out. — Tr. 



