6 On the Aborigines of Brazil, 



with a large navel: the male organs much smaller than in 

 any other race, and not like those of the negro in a state of 

 persistent turgescence. The extremities short, and the 

 lower ones, especially, any thing but full, for the calves and 

 the buttocks are flat, while the shoulders and arms are 

 round and muscular. Hands and feet small. The former 

 almost always cold, with comparatively thin fingers and very 

 short nails, which they generally pare close. The foot 

 narrow behind, very broad in front, the great toe standing 

 wide apart from the others;* corresponding to the width 

 of chest, the middle of the face and the prominent cheek- 

 bones are distinguished for their breadth. The forehead 

 low, rough on its surface from the prominence of the 

 frontal sinuses, above narrow and retiring, with the hair 

 growing down very low. The back of the head does not 

 hang nearly so far back as in the negro,f whose skull is 

 altogether narrower and more oblong. Countenance broad 

 and angular, not so prominent as that of the negro, but more 

 so than that of Kalmucks and Europeans. Ears small, neat, 

 slightly turned outwards. Eyes small, black or blackish- 

 brown, placed sideways, with the inner corner directed 

 towards the nose, protected by eye-brows highly arched in 

 their centre ; nose short, very slightly depressed above, flat- 

 tish below ; nostrils wide, turned a little outwards ; the 

 lips not nearly so large as in a negro, if either, the upper 

 one projecting a little, or both alike; mouth small, and more 

 closed than in the negro. Teeth very white ; the incisors broad 

 and regular, the eye teeth prominent. Chin short and 



* This is always the case with people who go bare-footed : savages never 

 turn their toes out in the degree in which civilized nations do. Catlin records, 

 that in taking a long journey over the prairies on foot, he got over the ground 

 much better by imitating the Indians, and turning his feet in. — Catlin, vol. i., p. 

 219.— TV. 



f It is only the prominence of the upper jaws that gives this appearance to the 

 negro skull.— Tr, 



