Progress of Rational Pathology. 223 



suppurations leave, according to Rokitansky, various impres- 

 sions on the bones. Syphilis produces thickening of the 

 osseous texture, with increase of thickness and weight in the 

 flat bones, along with an uneven knobby surface, and in case of 

 ulcers a round depressed scar, puckered in a radiating form. 

 Scrofulous inflammation is characterised by spongy soften- 

 ing, enlargement of the cells, and thinning of the walls : the 

 suppuration takes place from the laid-bare and expanded cel- 

 lular tissue, and when the process penetrates deep, forms a 

 honey-combed sinus, when bone is thrown out in the form of 

 velvety foliated exostoses* The cancerous degeneration is 

 distinguished by the absence of softening, of new formation 

 of bone, or of induration in the immediate neighbourhood of 

 the corroded spot. Arthritic inflammation of joints causes 

 enlargement and flattening of the knee-pans, levelling of the 

 surface and edges of the ends of the bones, osseous vege- 

 tations of a shelly stalactitic form in the neighbourhood, 

 loss of the cartilages, and a gypsumlike polish of the laid-bare 

 medullary substance (by the deposition of a chalky earth, said 

 by V. Specz to contain about 8 per cent, of lithic acid.) On 

 the long bones, thickening of the cortical substance and warty 

 or shelly vegetations are characteristic. 



b. Cartilage. — Liston distinguishes three kinds of ulcera- 

 tive destruction, — from disease and swelling of the synovial 

 membrane; from swelling and vascularity in the tissue be- 

 tween the bone and cartilage ; and from suppuration and inflam- 

 mation of the cartilage itself. Albers speaks of inflammation 

 of the ossified or unossified epiglottis. Rokitansky and Henle 

 do not believe in inflammation of normal sound cartilage, and 

 think it is destroyed only by the effects of inflammation in 

 the neighbouring tissues. Klencke thinks, contrary to the 

 opinion of all, that cartilage is capable of regeneration. 



c. Muscle. — -According to Klencke's experiments on the 

 regeneration of muscles, membrane is alone produced in the 

 place of the muscle removed, and it contains much lime, does 



2 G 



