Temagami-TemisJcaming District, Ontario. 29 



foliation of the gneissic rocks. The deptli of the lake is not 

 known. It has at present two outlets, the natural one by the 

 Kipiwa Kiver at the north end, and an artificial one produced 

 by a dam at the outlet of the lake into the Kipiwa river and 

 by the blasting- away of the crest of a low rocky barrier by the 

 lumbermen which causes the lake to discharge by Gordon's 

 Creek into l"'eniiskaniing at the point marked "Outlet" on the 

 map. Thus it would appear as if the canting of the lake to the 

 north by the down warp had left the old outlet dry and caused 

 it to seek a new one by the Kipiwa River. The latter, as it 

 enters Temiskaming, is a swift, foaming torrent w^hich plunges 

 down over the rocks into the main lake at a point where the 

 latter is nearly 400 feet deep, without entering through any 

 distinct valley. As one sees it, it appears to have all the 

 marks of topographic youth. 



Lake Temagarai. — This lake, some 40 miles to the west of 

 Temiskaming, is also a many branched valley system which 

 has been flooded and which discharges by two natural outlets, 

 one at the north, the other at the south end. [N^either of these 

 has been seen by the writer, but from what he has been able to 

 learn it is inferred that both are over rock rims. The greatest 

 depth of the lake obtained by sounding near the central west 

 shore is about 170 feet. The double outlet in connection with 

 the warped character of the Temiskaming canyon is very sug- 

 gestive, but since the direction of the axial line of the warped 

 trough, as it would pass westward from Temiskaming, is not 

 known, it may pass through Temagami Lake, or to the north, 

 or south of it. In the first case the valley system would be 

 flooded, and former water-work on shores near the central part 

 would be drowned ; if either of the latter two, the lake would 

 have been canted north or south respectively and wave-work, 

 such as beaches or sea-clifi:s, would be elevated at the north or 

 south ends. It should also not be forgotten that as the lake 

 has many arms, some of them may have served as a former 

 outlet and have been choked by a moraine dam which has 

 caused the flooding and overflow elsewhere of the valley 

 system. These are points which can only be settled by a care- 

 ful study of its entire shore line, and it offers an attractive 

 problem for investigation. 



Drainage System. — In this connection attention is also 

 directed to the remarkable drainage plan of the region (fig. 1). 

 It is impossible to see it and avoid the conviction that there has 

 been a distinct control in its production by rock structure. 

 What is here evident on a small scale map is also striking on 

 the large scale one of the mining district prepared by Miller.* 

 This feature of the region has been previously commented 



* 14th Ann. Eep. Bureau of Mines, Ontario, 1905. 



