274 W. H. Twenhofel and W. H. Conine— The 



features and events will furnish data from which to draw 

 a conclusion relating to the time of terrace development. 



Glaciation of the island. — During the Ice Age, glaciers 

 which originated in Labrador covered the island,^ as is 

 proved by the abundant presence of glacial erratics rang- 

 ing in size up to many tons. Many of these are composed 

 of labradorite, which could hardly have originated else- 

 where than on Labrador. Till appears to be rather rare. 

 At many points about the shores and along the rivers are 

 stratified deposits of sand, gravel and clay, such having 

 been observed up to elevations of 100 feet above sea-level 

 in the cliffs of the shore. Unstratified glacial gravel was 

 seen in the bed of the Vaurial River up to 12 miles from 

 the sea at an elevation of 322 feet (stadia measurement). 

 Striated and soled pebbles are extremely common in these 

 deposits. Except for such of them as are unstratified 

 they are not of the time of the Ice Age so far as deposition 

 is concerned. 



On the Vaurial River, glacial striae were seen on the 

 limestone in place, the direction being S. 24° W. and the 

 elevation 35 feet (stadia measurement). Glacial striae 

 were also seen at Cormorant Point in two places, at one of 

 which they have the direction S. 20° W., and at the other 

 S. 3° W. Schmidt has noted the occurrence of striae at 

 Cape River which have a direction from northeast to 

 southwest.^ These facts are sufficient to prove that the 

 Pleistocene glaciers covered the island. They seem to 

 have in no way modified the terraces, and the latter there- 

 fore appear to be younger than Pleistocene glaciation. 



The Champlain submergence. — Clays and sands con- 

 taining an abundance of Saxicava rugosa and Mya trun- 

 cata have been observed at Ellis Bay at an elevation of 

 about 20 feet above sea-level, and have also been seen at 

 Otter River and Jupiter River, at the latter place being 

 estimated to be 30 to 40 feet above sea4evel. On the 

 north side they are known to be present on the brook 

 which empties into Little Macasty Bay, and it is probable 

 that similar clays and sands occur at many other places. 

 It is obvious that these deposits were made at a higher 

 stage of sea-level than the present one. They are trun- 

 cated by all the terraces up to the height of their occur- 



- T. C. Chamberlin 's map of the great Ice Age shows the island to 

 have escaped glaciation. 



^ Joseph Schmidt, op, cit., p. 89. 



