Netvfoundland and Nova Scotia. 3S3 



fling, the highest strand was thus determined in the 

 coastal belts. Of course raised beaches, sea-cliffs, 

 sea-chasms, and fossiliferous beds were recorded 

 and served as corroborative checks. Additional confi- 

 dence in the value of the ''washed" surfaces, as indicating 

 the maximum reach of the waves, was attained when the 

 successive determinations of emergence were found to 

 be systematically related : the trace of the highest shore- 

 line rising or falling along the coast at rates of the same 

 order as those proved in northwestern Europe, New Eng- 

 land, Xew York State, and farther west inside the margin 

 of the glaciated area. Lack of time forbade thorough 

 search for fossils in the many elevated beaches and clay 

 benches. Only one discovery of the kind can be recorded ; 

 between Benoit's Cove and Curling, in the Bay of Islands, 

 fragments of Fed en islandicus^ were discovered in bedded 

 clays about 75 feet above high-water mark, and a settler 

 stated that he has found similar shells in the clays of the 

 same slope at least 50 feet higher up. 



Observed Amounts of Emergence. — Further study of 

 the power of Atlantic storm-waves makes it probable that 

 a few of the 1900 measurements for points in the highest 

 shore-line are a little too high. This is particularly true 

 of the estimates for Cape Rouge and Kirpon Island, 

 Newfoundland, where the highest strand is respectively 

 not much above the contours of 450 feet and 425 feet, 

 instead of 505 feet and 450^ feet, as concluded in 1900.'^ 

 On the other hand, the values given in 1900 for the points 

 on the Labrador coast do not seem to need essential 

 change. 



The following table gives the elevations of the highest 

 shore-line at points examined in 1920. The heights were 

 determined by the use of two aneroids and of the heights 

 marked on the Admiralty charts. The figures given are 

 only approximate, but in each case the error is believed 

 to be less than 5 per cent. The table also includes the 

 revised figures for Cape Rouge and Kirpon Island, which 

 were not revisited. Shoal Harbor is situated at the head 



' Species kindly determined by Mr. E. V. Chamberlin of Harvard Univer- 

 sity. • 



* The height at which a breaker may be effective in washing- off erratics 

 from a glaciated ledge partly depends on the general slope, especially the 

 seaward slope, of the ledge. The failure to allow sufficiently for this con- 

 dition of wave-action, during the 1900 reconnaissance, has prompted the 

 change in the estimates for Cape Eouge and Kirpon Island. 



