510 W. D. Matthew — Cernaysian Mammal Fauna. 



Tiffany beds by the dominance of very modernized 

 Condylarthra, Pleuraspidotherium and Orthaspido- 

 therium, which may be related to the Meniscotheriidae of 

 Cope. Meuiscotherium does not appear in America until 

 the Wasatch. 



"2. Distinctness of the Spanmcian fauna. Although 

 it must be placed at the summit of the Paleocene, the 

 Cernaysian fauna remains absolutely distinct from the 

 Sparnacian fauna. The latter, characterized by the 

 association C ory phodon-Hy racotherium-P aramys , and by 

 species of the Plesiadapis daubrei group, appear sud- 

 denly, as a unit, with the Meudon conglomerate. The 

 same faunal association also appears in the fluviatile 

 Landenian of Belgium (C ory phodon-Hy r acotheriuni-Par- 

 amys), and in the London Clay of Sheppey {Hyraco- 

 therium Plesiadapis = PIatych(]erops Charlesworth). It 

 exists, mixed with elements of later geologic age, in the 

 Ageian of Lemoine (Hyracotherium =: Lophiodochoerus, 

 Paramys = Decticadapis, Plesiadapis). Typical Phenaco- 

 diis is found in France and in Belgium. In sum, the 

 Sparnacian fauna appears as suddenly in Europe as the 

 Wasatch fauna in America, and like the latter, it is char- 

 acterized by the arrival of Perissodactyls and Rodents. 

 But while in America undoubted Primates and Artiodac- 

 tyls are found from the beginning of the Wasatch, these 

 two groups are not recognized in Europe until the begin- 

 ning of the Cuisian. 



*'3. Existence of a Cuisian fauna distinct from the 

 Sparnacian. Separated from the Sparnacian elements 

 which were improperly associated with it, the Ageian 

 fauna is composed of Primates (Protoadapis), of Artio- 

 dactyls with very simple upper molars (Protodicliohune 

 Lem. analogous with Biacodexis=Trigonolestes Cope of 

 the Wasatch), of Perissodactyls {Parapachynolophus 

 Lem.), clearly distinct from Hyracotherium, and of 

 Lophiodonts. These forms, obtained at an exact geolo.- 

 gical level (the Teredina sands), represent the Cuisian 

 fauna properly so-called. This is then characterized by 

 the appearance of Primates and Artiodactyls and by a 

 particular stage in the evolution of the Perissodactyls. 



^^4. Persistence up to the Liidian [Upper Eocene] of a 

 fauna of Sparnacian and of American affinities. The 

 study of the Mammalia, especially the ungulates, proves 

 that a separation between Europe and America took 



