VOL. XXXVIII. AUGUST, 1914. 



Established by BENJAMIN SILLIMAN in 1818. 



THE 

 AMERICAN 



JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 



Editor: EDWARD S. DANA. 



ASSOCIATE EDITORS 



Professors GEORGE L. GOODALE, JOHN TROWBRIDGE, 

 W. G. FARLOW and WM. M. DAVIS, of Cambridge, 



Professors ADDISON E. VERRILL, HORACE L. WELLS, 



LOUIS V. PIRSSON, HERBERT E. GREGORY 



and HORACE S. UHLER, of New Haven, 



Professor HENRY S. WILLIAMS, of Ithaca, 



Professor JOSEPH S. AMES, of Baltimore, 



Mr. J. S. DILLER, of Washington. 



FOURTH SERIES 



VOL. XXXVIII— [WHOLE NUMBER, CLXXXVIIIJ. 

 No. 224— AUGUST, 1914. 



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