278 Bigelow — Determination of the " Solar Constant." 



K 10 is the mean radiant energy in the stratum fo— s ), and 

 it is equal to a selective absorption for the coefficients (c 1 c ) 7 

 and exponents (a l a ), as computed from the temperature 

 observations. The corresponding black body radiation is 



It is evident that the temperatures (T t T ) in the successive 

 strata can be taken from the observations in balloon ascensions 

 up to 25,000 or 30,000 meters, and then the series of computa- 

 tions can be extended upward to the vanishing limit of the 

 atmosphere, by assuming for trial certain temperatures T, 

 which shall produce such values of T 1 p 1 E, in (1) as will 

 finally satisfy the gravity equation (2) without important 

 residuals. By means of such trial temperatures the computa- 

 tions have been made for four balloon ascensions: Uccle 

 June 9, Sept. 13, Nov. 9, 1911, Huron, S. Dak., Sept. 1, 1910, 

 extending up to 80,000 or 90,000 meters, and thence there have 

 been derived for the entire atmosphere on every 1000-meter 

 level the dynamic data (P 1 p 1 R x T^), the thermodynamic data 

 (Cp . Cv . S . W . U . c . a . J a . J ) and the Kinetic Theory 

 data (H . U . q . y . K . n . E" . l max . v . m h . e). This will be 

 published in full in Bulletin JSTo. 4, O. M. A. 



The "Solar Constant" and the "Effective Radiation." 



The following summary of the data for sea level will give 

 an idea of the outcome of the computations, which were con- 

 ducted in the (M. K. S.) system, but transformed in the sum- 

 mations into gr.cal./cm 2 . min. 



Summary of the Residts of the Computations on Three Balloon 



Ascensions for the Values of the Thermodynamic 



and Radiation Energies. 



| Uccle 

 ! June 9, 

 | 1911 

 Height in meters for 0°A, by computation. | 70,000 



Station and Date of the Observations. 



^ [ U( z \ ~~ z o) J gravity acceleration 



5 [ — (<?\ — # 2 U )] kinetic energy of circulation 



2 [ — (Q t — Q )] free heat (non-adiabatic) 



2 W»t-0+ f(*\-rf.) + (Qi-<W] summary 



P — P 

 2 [ ' — ° hydrostatic pressure 



2 [J = c^i\ 4 — c T 4 ] black body radiation . . 



9-5792 

 0-0000 

 5*4250 

 4-1542 



4-1146 

 3-9690 



Uccle 



Sept. 13, 



1911 



80,000 



11-0895 



Uccle 



Nov. 9, 



1911 



90,000 



12-4565 



-0-0006: +0-0002 

 6-6676 8-6590 

 4-4219 3-7975 



4-1608 3-9386 

 3-9261 *3'5373 



* This value is omitted from the mean because of Sun's large Zen. Dist. 



