of the Paleozoic Outlier of Lake Timiskaming. 305 



(1919) from the Fossil Hill coral horizon on Manitoulin 

 island, and many of the cephalopoda have been found on 

 Drummond island. From the Attawapiskat coral reef 

 and Ekwan River limestone, Savage and Van Tuyl (1919) 

 have reported many new species of which there are no 

 representatives in the Timiskaming district. The fauna 

 of the rocks of this age in the Hudson Bay region is de- 

 cidedly dissimilar from that of Lake Timiskaming, and 

 this probably means that there was a land barrier between 

 the two basins of deposition for at least a part of Lock- 

 port time. Towards the top of the Timiskaming section, 

 northern forms like Cyathophyllum articulatum and 

 Halt/sites catenularia feildeni occur. These have not 

 been recognized further south, and it would seem that 

 there was a direct migration route from the north in late 

 Lockport time. 



It has generally been assumed that the Niagaran inun- 

 dation of the continent from the Arctic was widespread 

 over the western part of the Canadian shield, but the 

 probable presence of a land barrier in early Lockport time 

 shows that there were restrictions to this sea that have not 

 been previously suspected. Savage and Van Tuyl (1919) 

 have shown that the Niagaran rocks of Hudson bay have 

 closer faunal relations with equivalent strata in Wiscon- 

 sin than with those in Ontario and New York, and as the 

 Timiskaming Lockport is very similar to that of Ontario, 

 the barrier seems to have been responsible for this faunal 

 distribution. 



In the Timiskaming area, Pycnostylus elegans occurs. 

 This, with P. guelphensis and some other forms suggest- 

 ing Guelph time, occurs in the Hudson Bay region. How- 

 ever, Williams (1919) has shown that P. elegans and P. 

 guelphensis occur also in the transition Eramosa beds 

 between the Lockport and the Guelph. Hence these fos- 

 sils alone can no longer be taken as indicating Guelph. It 

 is surprising that none of the typical Guelph assemblage 

 of fossils such as are so characteristic of the Guelph of 

 southwestern Ontario and New York have been found in 

 the north, and it seems certain that none of this typical 

 Guelph occurs in the Timiskaming district or in the Hud- 

 son Bay region. 



The presence of the European forms of crinoids and 

 trilobites long ago reported by Weller (1900) from the 

 Chicago series shows direct communication with Europe 



