﻿100 
  Finmarken 
  in 
  Northern 
  Norway. 
  

  

  fossils 
  are 
  found 
  here, 
  the 
  system 
  is 
  known 
  to 
  be 
  uncon- 
  

   formably 
  overlaid 
  by 
  the 
  Downtonian 
  sandstone 
  series. 
  

   I 
  have 
  seen 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  of 
  the 
  Heclahook 
  limestones 
  and 
  

   dolomites, 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  remarkably 
  like 
  those 
  

   of 
  Finmarken. 
  

  

  Rocks 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Heclahook 
  of 
  Spitzbergen 
  

   are 
  further 
  known 
  in 
  Bear 
  Island, 
  midway 
  between 
  Spitz- 
  

   bergen 
  and 
  Norway, 
  and 
  here 
  in 
  one 
  horizon 
  fragmentary 
  

   fossils 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  by 
  the 
  Swedish 
  explorers 
  

   Nathorst 
  and 
  Andersson. 
  17 
  Through 
  the 
  kindness 
  of 
  the 
  

   director 
  of 
  the 
  zoo-paleontological 
  department 
  of 
  the 
  

   Swedish 
  State 
  Museum, 
  Professor 
  G-. 
  Holm, 
  I 
  have 
  had 
  

   the 
  opportunity 
  of 
  studying 
  these 
  fossils, 
  which 
  have 
  

   proved 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  a 
  quite 
  decidedly 
  American 
  character, 
  

   and 
  to 
  belong 
  to 
  Black 
  River 
  time. 
  Besides 
  several 
  

   bryozoans 
  and 
  cephalopods 
  and 
  a 
  JRafinesquina, 
  which 
  

   could 
  not 
  be 
  specifically 
  determined, 
  there 
  occur 
  species 
  

   of 
  so 
  decidedly 
  an 
  American 
  character 
  as 
  Gonioceras 
  

   Occident 
  ale 
  Hall, 
  Actinoceras 
  bigsbyi 
  Hall, 
  and 
  Tetra- 
  

   dium 
  cf. 
  syringoporoides 
  Ulrich. 
  Thus 
  the 
  American 
  

   Black 
  River 
  faunal 
  element 
  has 
  spread 
  very 
  far 
  into 
  

   northern 
  European 
  waters. 
  18 
  

  

  The 
  dolomite 
  with 
  Gymnosolen 
  from 
  the 
  Kanin 
  Penin- 
  

   sula 
  of 
  northern 
  Russia 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  White 
  Sea 
  is 
  so 
  

   extremely 
  like 
  the 
  corresponding 
  rock 
  from 
  the 
  Porsan- 
  

   ger 
  series 
  that 
  their 
  contemporaneity 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  doubted. 
  

  

  Not 
  only 
  the 
  stromatolites, 
  but 
  many 
  other 
  characters 
  

   of 
  the 
  Finmarken 
  dolomite 
  as 
  well 
  are 
  typical 
  of 
  the 
  cal- 
  

   careous 
  rocks 
  of 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  above 
  mentioned 
  regions. 
  

   Oolites, 
  intraformational 
  conglomerates, 
  and 
  nodules 
  and 
  

   layers 
  of 
  chert 
  (or 
  chert-like 
  quartz) 
  are 
  characteristic 
  

   features 
  of 
  the 
  Ozarkian- 
  Canadian 
  limestones 
  and 
  dolo- 
  

   mites 
  of 
  North 
  America, 
  and 
  are 
  also 
  known 
  in 
  those 
  of 
  

  

  1T 
  Andersson, 
  J. 
  G., 
  Stratigraphie 
  und 
  Tektonik 
  d. 
  Baren 
  Insel, 
  Bull. 
  Geol. 
  

   Inst. 
  Upsala, 
  4, 
  1900. 
  

  

  Lindstrom, 
  G., 
  A 
  species 
  of 
  Tetradium 
  from 
  Beeren 
  Eiland, 
  ofvers. 
  Kgl. 
  

   Sv. 
  Vet. 
  Akad. 
  Forh., 
  1899. 
  

  

  18 
  After 
  the 
  present 
  article 
  was 
  written, 
  the 
  author 
  spent 
  some 
  time 
  during 
  

   the 
  summer 
  of 
  1918 
  on 
  Bear 
  Island, 
  and 
  succeeded 
  in 
  finding 
  a 
  still 
  lower 
  

   fossiliferous 
  horizon. 
  It 
  is 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  Tetradium 
  limestone 
  by 
  

   several 
  hundred 
  meters 
  of 
  dolomites 
  and 
  dolomitic 
  limestones. 
  This 
  older 
  

   fauna 
  is 
  also 
  very 
  distinctly 
  American 
  in 
  type; 
  the 
  age 
  may 
  be 
  fixed 
  as 
  

   Canadian. 
  The 
  fossils 
  are 
  silicified, 
  and 
  the 
  especially 
  common 
  ones 
  are 
  

   cephalopoda 
  (including 
  Piloceras), 
  gastropods, 
  and 
  Calathium. 
  Yet 
  older 
  

   dolomites 
  have 
  very 
  distinct 
  stromatolites, 
  besides 
  oolites. 
  The 
  Heclahook 
  

   -\~1<'m 
  of 
  Bear 
  Island 
  is 
  thus 
  found 
  to 
  comprise 
  basal, 
  lower, 
  and 
  early 
  

   middle 
  Ordovician 
  zones, 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  is 
  without 
  doubt 
  true 
  for 
  the 
  

   Heclahook 
  formation 
  of 
  Spitzbergen. 
  

  

  