﻿120 
  F. 
  0. 
  Bower 
  — 
  Botanical 
  Research 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  quantities 
  of 
  expressed 
  cell-sap. 
  Such 
  small 
  amounts 
  as 
  

   are 
  available 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  investigated 
  before, 
  and 
  impor- 
  

   tant 
  data 
  have 
  been 
  obtained 
  bearing 
  on 
  the 
  synthesis 
  of 
  

   sugar 
  in 
  plants, 
  and 
  on 
  problems 
  of 
  the 
  ascent 
  of 
  sap. 
  

   Some 
  of 
  these 
  were 
  obtained 
  in 
  conjunction 
  with 
  Prof. 
  

   H. 
  H. 
  Dixon, 
  and 
  are 
  related 
  to 
  his 
  fundamental 
  work 
  on 
  

   the 
  mechanism 
  by 
  which 
  water 
  is 
  lifted 
  to 
  the 
  tops 
  of 
  the 
  

   tallest 
  trees. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  Miss 
  M. 
  Delf 
  has 
  pub- 
  

   lished 
  a 
  thorough 
  experimental 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  rate 
  at 
  which 
  

   water 
  can 
  pass 
  through 
  protoplasm, 
  into 
  or 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  

   cell, 
  and 
  the 
  variation 
  of 
  this 
  permeability 
  with 
  tempera- 
  

   ture. 
  

  

  Several 
  instalments 
  of 
  researches 
  on 
  the 
  permeability 
  

   of 
  protoplasm 
  by 
  Messrs. 
  Styles 
  and 
  Jorgensen 
  have 
  

   recently 
  appeared, 
  which 
  dispose 
  of 
  the 
  view 
  that 
  this 
  is 
  

   simply 
  determined 
  by 
  physical 
  relations 
  of 
  surface 
  ten- 
  

   sion. 
  And 
  the 
  same 
  authors 
  have 
  published 
  a 
  critical 
  

   account 
  of 
  recent 
  work 
  on 
  ''Carbon-Assimilation," 
  in 
  

   which 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  the 
  many 
  researches 
  on 
  the 
  photo- 
  

   synthetic 
  activity 
  of 
  green 
  leaves 
  are 
  carefully 
  correlated 
  

   and 
  evulated. 
  

  

  Miss 
  Wheldale 
  has 
  brought 
  together 
  into 
  book-form 
  

   the 
  scattered 
  literature 
  on 
  the 
  anthocyan 
  pigments 
  of 
  

   plants. 
  It 
  contains 
  also 
  the 
  author's 
  own 
  work 
  on 
  the 
  

   inheritance 
  of 
  such 
  flower-colors 
  in 
  certain 
  plants. 
  This 
  

   is 
  the 
  first 
  case 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  mendelian 
  laws 
  of 
  hered- 
  

   ity 
  have 
  been 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  carrying 
  over 
  of 
  actual 
  

   chemical 
  substance 
  from 
  generation 
  to 
  generation. 
  

  

  Fundamental 
  researches 
  have 
  been 
  published 
  by 
  Dr. 
  F. 
  

   Kidd 
  on 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  carbon-dioxide 
  on 
  vitality 
  and 
  res- 
  

   piration. 
  It 
  is 
  shown 
  that 
  this 
  product 
  of 
  respiration, 
  if 
  

   it 
  accumulates 
  in 
  tissues, 
  inhibits 
  the 
  further 
  activity 
  of 
  

   respiration, 
  and 
  sends 
  the 
  plant 
  into 
  a 
  dormant 
  state. 
  

   This 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  essential 
  factor 
  in 
  the 
  automatic 
  

   arrest 
  of 
  growth 
  in 
  seeds. 
  The 
  gas 
  can 
  also 
  be 
  used 
  to 
  

   keep 
  moist 
  seeds 
  in 
  a 
  dormant 
  state 
  though 
  alive. 
  

  

  Under 
  the 
  physiological 
  direction 
  of 
  Prof. 
  V. 
  H. 
  Black- 
  

   man, 
  the 
  Board 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  has 
  subsidized 
  large-scale 
  

   experiments 
  on 
  "Electro- 
  Culture" 
  of 
  growing 
  crops 
  

   with 
  a 
  view 
  to 
  determining 
  what 
  is 
  the 
  exact 
  cause 
  of 
  the 
  

   increased 
  yield 
  that 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  very 
  strik- 
  

   ingly, 
  but 
  in 
  other 
  cases 
  is 
  not 
  produced. 
  

  

  An 
  elaborate 
  series 
  of 
  investigations 
  on 
  the 
  sugars 
  and 
  

   starches 
  formed 
  in 
  leaves 
  of 
  growing 
  crops 
  have 
  been 
  

  

  