﻿Geology 
  and 
  Mineralogy. 
  143 
  

  

  to 
  an 
  exhaustive 
  study 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Knowlton 
  of 
  the 
  fossil 
  flora 
  of 
  

   the 
  Vermejo 
  and 
  Raton 
  formations 
  based 
  on 
  unusually 
  large 
  

   collections. 
  From 
  the 
  Vermejo 
  108 
  forms 
  are 
  described 
  includ- 
  

   ing 
  72 
  new 
  species. 
  Only 
  4 
  species 
  pass 
  over 
  the 
  unconformity 
  

   between 
  the 
  Vermejo 
  and 
  Raton. 
  The 
  Raton 
  flora 
  comprise 
  148 
  

   species. 
  Dr. 
  Knowlton 
  's 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  paleobotany 
  of 
  the 
  

   Raton 
  Mesa 
  is 
  illustrated 
  by 
  83 
  plates 
  including 
  311 
  figures. 
  

  

  H. 
  E. 
  G. 
  

  

  4. 
  The 
  Quaternary 
  Geology 
  of 
  Southeastern 
  Wisconsin; 
  by 
  

   William 
  C. 
  Alden. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Geological 
  Survey, 
  Professional 
  Paper 
  

   106. 
  Pp. 
  356, 
  pis. 
  39, 
  figs. 
  21. 
  Washington, 
  1918.— 
  South- 
  

   eastern 
  Wisconsin 
  is 
  classic 
  ground 
  for 
  students 
  of 
  glacial 
  

   geology, 
  and 
  the 
  bibliography 
  relating 
  to 
  the 
  geology 
  of 
  this 
  

   area 
  of 
  about 
  11,000 
  square 
  miles 
  includes 
  upwards 
  of 
  220 
  titles 
  

   beginning 
  with 
  the 
  reports 
  of 
  the 
  Featherstonhaugh 
  expedition 
  

   'in 
  1835. 
  The 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  field 
  work 
  done 
  by 
  earlier 
  

   students 
  resulted 
  in 
  describing 
  and 
  explaining 
  the 
  general 
  fea- 
  

   tures 
  of 
  Pleistocene 
  and 
  pre-Pleistocene 
  geology, 
  but 
  many 
  

   points 
  remained 
  in 
  dispute 
  awaiting 
  accurate 
  field 
  mapping. 
  

   The 
  work 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Alden 
  has 
  extended 
  over 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  about 
  15 
  

   years, 
  and 
  the 
  result 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  complete 
  delineations 
  

   and 
  discussions 
  of 
  glacial 
  features 
  in 
  print. 
  The 
  chapters 
  

   include 
  geologic 
  formations 
  underlying 
  the 
  glacial 
  drift 
  (pp. 
  

   49-112) 
  ; 
  the 
  physiographic 
  development 
  and 
  preglacial 
  topo- 
  

   graphy 
  (pp. 
  113-128) 
  ; 
  outline 
  of 
  Pleistocene 
  history 
  (pp. 
  129- 
  

   136) 
  ; 
  pre- 
  Wisconsin 
  glacial 
  drift 
  (137-171) 
  ; 
  the 
  interval 
  

   between 
  the 
  Illinoian 
  and 
  Wisconsin 
  glaciation 
  (pp. 
  180-257) 
  ; 
  

   deglaciation 
  (pp. 
  257-309) 
  ; 
  red 
  till 
  and 
  lacustrine 
  deposits 
  

   (pp. 
  310-324) 
  ; 
  glacial 
  lake 
  deposits 
  and 
  history 
  (pp. 
  326-345). 
  

   The 
  four 
  maps 
  accompanying 
  the 
  report 
  are 
  particularly 
  well 
  

   designed. 
  h. 
  e. 
  g. 
  

  

  5. 
  United 
  States 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Mines; 
  Van. 
  H. 
  Manning. 
  Direc- 
  

   tor. 
  — 
  The 
  following 
  publications 
  have 
  recently 
  appeared. 
  See 
  

   earlier 
  vol. 
  45 
  ; 
  p. 
  476. 
  — 
  

  

  Eighth 
  Annual 
  Report 
  by 
  the 
  Director 
  to 
  the 
  Secretary 
  of 
  the 
  

   Interior, 
  for 
  the 
  fiscal 
  year 
  ended 
  June 
  30, 
  1918. 
  Pp. 
  124, 
  

   December, 
  1918. 
  — 
  The 
  activities 
  of 
  the 
  Bureau 
  through 
  the 
  year 
  

   named 
  were 
  largely 
  devoted 
  to 
  special 
  war 
  work. 
  This 
  included, 
  

   first 
  of 
  all, 
  the 
  investigation 
  and 
  development 
  of 
  toxic 
  gases 
  and 
  

   war 
  masks 
  ; 
  also 
  of 
  gases 
  for 
  balloons. 
  Further, 
  various 
  mineral 
  

   substances 
  specially 
  needed 
  for 
  war 
  purposes 
  have 
  been 
  investi- 
  

   gated. 
  These 
  included 
  among 
  others 
  : 
  nitrogen 
  compounds, 
  

   concentrated 
  sulphuric 
  acid, 
  manganese, 
  potash 
  and 
  tin. 
  A 
  

   study 
  of 
  the 
  black 
  sands 
  of 
  southern 
  Oregon 
  and 
  northern 
  Cali 
  

   fornia 
  by 
  R. 
  R. 
  Horner 
  proved 
  that 
  they 
  rarely 
  contain 
  enough 
  

   gold 
  and 
  platinum 
  to 
  be 
  worked 
  at 
  a 
  profit, 
  and 
  no 
  important 
  

   supply 
  of 
  platinum 
  can 
  be 
  expected 
  from 
  them. 
  The 
  results 
  as 
  

   to 
  tin 
  were 
  also 
  disappointing. 
  On 
  the 
  contrary 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  a 
  

   new 
  process 
  for 
  the 
  recovery 
  of 
  potash 
  from 
  the 
  alkali 
  lakes 
  of 
  

  

  