﻿194 
  Bucher 
  — 
  Origin 
  of 
  Ripples, 
  and 
  

  

  low 
  pools 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  lakes 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  sea 
  and 
  are 
  

   certainly 
  independent 
  of 
  " 
  coves 
  or 
  indentations 
  of 
  the 
  

   shore-line, 
  or 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  bars, 
  piers 
  or 
  stranded 
  logs," 
  

   where, 
  according 
  to 
  Kindle, 
  53 
  "the 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  wind 
  on 
  

   the 
  surface 
  is 
  split 
  up 
  into 
  two 
  or 
  more 
  sets 
  of 
  oscilla- 
  

   tions 
  moving 
  in 
  different 
  directions." 
  This 
  statement 
  

   is 
  of 
  considerable 
  interest 
  to 
  the 
  paleogeographer, 
  since 
  

   cross-ripples 
  occur 
  over 
  large 
  areas 
  in 
  marine 
  sediments, 
  

  

  Fig. 
  8. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  8. 
  Hexagonal 
  interference-ripples 
  exposed 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  bank 
  of 
  

   Miami 
  River 
  at 
  Dayton, 
  Ohio, 
  after 
  the 
  flood 
  of 
  1913. 
  

  

  e. 
  g., 
  in 
  the 
  limestones 
  of 
  the 
  Eden 
  Group 
  (Ordovician) 
  

   of 
  the 
  Cincinnati 
  anticline. 
  At 
  certain 
  levels 
  within 
  the 
  

   lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Maysville 
  Group 
  (Mount 
  Hope 
  forma- 
  

   tion), 
  they 
  are 
  found 
  regularly 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Cincin- 
  

   nati 
  and 
  recur 
  in 
  abundance 
  in 
  its 
  partial' 
  equivalent, 
  

   the 
  Garrard 
  formation 
  of 
  Kentucky 
  one 
  hundred 
  miles 
  

   south 
  of 
  it, 
  over 
  large 
  areas. 
  

  

  3. 
  Current 
  cross-ripples. 
  

  

  Cross-ripples 
  may 
  also 
  result 
  from 
  the 
  intersection 
  of 
  

   a 
  current 
  with 
  a 
  preexisting 
  set 
  of 
  ripples, 
  if 
  the 
  action 
  

  

  63 
  1917, 
  p. 
  35. 
  That 
  Kindle 
  never 
  found 
  them 
  "along 
  a 
  straight 
  and 
  

   uninterrupted 
  shore 
  line" 
  in 
  Nova 
  Scotia, 
  is 
  not 
  surprising 
  in 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  

   extraordinary 
  development 
  of 
  tides 
  and 
  tidal 
  currents 
  on 
  that 
  coast. 
  

  

  