﻿E. 
  W. 
  Berry 
  — 
  Age 
  of 
  the 
  Brandon 
  Lignite. 
  213 
  

  

  in 
  Arkansas." 
  The 
  latter 
  refers 
  to 
  formations 
  now 
  

   known 
  to 
  be 
  exclusively 
  of 
  Eocene 
  age 
  (Wilcox, 
  Claiborne 
  

   and 
  Jackson 
  groups), 
  which 
  Lesquereux 
  also 
  regarded 
  as 
  

   of 
  Miocene 
  age, 
  both 
  views 
  being 
  also 
  those 
  of 
  Newberry. 
  

  

  Notwithstanding 
  the 
  opinion 
  of 
  Lesquereux, 
  Dana, 
  in 
  

   the 
  first 
  and 
  subsequent 
  additions 
  of 
  his 
  Manual, 
  shrewdly 
  

   placed 
  the 
  Brandon 
  lignite 
  in 
  the 
  Eocene, 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  

   stratigraphic 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  deposits, 
  Knowlton 
  

   (op. 
  cit.) 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  of 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  the 
  

   Brandon 
  deposit 
  was 
  of 
  Miocene 
  age, 
  and 
  Woodworth 
  

   concurred 
  in 
  this 
  view, 
  stating 
  that 
  the 
  earlier 
  Tertiary 
  

   was 
  a 
  time 
  of 
  erosion 
  in 
  New 
  England. 
  The 
  current 
  opin- 
  

   ion 
  founded 
  on 
  this 
  tradition 
  appears 
  to 
  definitely 
  place 
  

   the 
  deposits 
  in 
  the 
  Miocene, 
  Chamberlin 
  & 
  Salisbury's 
  

   Text 
  going 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  to 
  label 
  them 
  the 
  Brandon 
  formation 
  

   and 
  stating, 
  quite 
  without 
  basis, 
  their 
  occurrence 
  in 
  Ver- 
  

   mont, 
  Pennsylvania 
  and 
  Georgia. 
  7 
  In 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  

   Eocene 
  floras 
  of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  states 
  I 
  became 
  so 
  far 
  convinced 
  

   that 
  the 
  Brandon 
  flora 
  was 
  not 
  Miocene 
  that 
  I 
  stated 
  in 
  

   the 
  introduction 
  to 
  my 
  work 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  Eocene 
  flora 
  

   that 
  the 
  Brandon 
  flora 
  was 
  pre-Miocene. 
  8 
  

  

  The 
  cumulative 
  evidence 
  for 
  this 
  opinion 
  will 
  now 
  be 
  

   given. 
  The 
  flora 
  of 
  Brandon 
  as 
  made 
  known 
  through 
  

   the 
  researches 
  of 
  Perkins, 
  and 
  to 
  a 
  less 
  extent 
  by 
  the 
  

   work 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  authors 
  previously 
  mentioned, 
  com- 
  

   prises 
  about 
  150 
  species 
  of 
  fruits 
  and 
  seeds 
  and 
  two 
  or 
  

   three 
  additional 
  forms 
  based 
  upon 
  wood 
  structure. 
  None 
  

   of 
  these 
  have 
  in 
  late 
  years 
  been 
  regarded 
  as 
  identical 
  with 
  

   previously 
  described 
  forms 
  from 
  deposits 
  of 
  known 
  age, 
  

   and 
  this 
  conclusion 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  fairly 
  well-founded 
  for 
  

   the 
  great 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  Brandon 
  species. 
  Although 
  I 
  

   would 
  be 
  inclined 
  to 
  depreciate 
  the 
  multiplicity 
  of 
  species 
  

   described 
  by 
  Perkins 
  this 
  in 
  no 
  wise 
  affects 
  the 
  question 
  

   of 
  age. 
  

  

  The 
  botanical 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  Brandon 
  flora 
  is 
  diffi- 
  

   cult 
  to 
  evaluate 
  owing 
  to 
  our 
  lack 
  of 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  pre- 
  

   cise 
  botanical 
  relationship 
  of 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  fruits. 
  

   Nevertheless 
  the 
  greater 
  proportion 
  of 
  the 
  forms 
  are 
  such 
  

   as 
  would 
  be 
  incapable 
  of 
  existence 
  in 
  New 
  England 
  under 
  

   existing 
  climatic 
  conditions, 
  and 
  of 
  genera 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  

   lignite 
  that 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  existing 
  flora 
  of 
  New 
  Eng- 
  

   land, 
  namely 
  Juglans, 
  Hicoria, 
  Nyssa, 
  Pinus, 
  etc., 
  Jug- 
  

  

  7 
  Manual, 
  vol. 
  Ill, 
  p. 
  261. 
  

  

  8 
  TJ. 
  S. 
  Geol. 
  Surv. 
  Prof. 
  Paper 
  91, 
  p. 
  6, 
  1916. 
  

  

  Am. 
  Jour. 
  Sci.— 
  Fourth 
  Series, 
  Vol. 
  XLVIT, 
  No. 
  279.— 
  March. 
  1919. 
  

   15 
  

  

  