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  *> 
  

  

  I* 
  APR 
  41919 
  

  

  ^0/?al 
  Mu** 
  v 
  

  

  THE 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  JOURNAL 
  OF 
  SCIENCE 
  

  

  [FOURTH 
  SERIES.] 
  

  

  Art. 
  XV.— 
  On 
  Ripples 
  and 
  Related 
  Sedimentary 
  Surface 
  

   Forms 
  and 
  their 
  Paleo 
  geographic 
  Interpretation; 
  by 
  

   Walter 
  H. 
  Butcher. 
  

  

  PART 
  II. 
  Fossil 
  Ripples 
  and 
  their 
  Paleogeo- 
  

   graphic 
  Interpretation. 
  

  

  Table 
  of 
  Contents. 
  Part 
  II. 
  

   Introduction. 
  

   I. 
  Oscillation-ripples. 
  

  

  1. 
  Description. 
  

  

  2. 
  Interpretation. 
  

  

  1. 
  Oscillation- 
  and 
  current-ripples. 
  

  

  2. 
  Relations 
  existing 
  between 
  the 
  dimensions 
  of 
  a 
  waterbody 
  

   and 
  ripples. 
  

  

  3. 
  Relations 
  existing 
  between 
  the 
  trend 
  of 
  ripples 
  and 
  the 
  

   surrounding 
  geographical 
  conditions. 
  

  

  4. 
  Analysis 
  of 
  the 
  Bedford-Berea 
  ripples. 
  

   II. 
  Current-ripples. 
  

  

  1. 
  Description. 
  

  

  2. 
  Interpretation. 
  

  

  1. 
  Eolian 
  ripples 
  compared 
  with 
  subaqueous 
  ripples. 
  

  

  2. 
  Marine 
  current-ripples. 
  

  

  3. 
  Fluviatile 
  current-ripples. 
  

  

  4. 
  Current 
  ripples 
  giving 
  evidence 
  of 
  exposure. 
  

   III. 
  Large 
  current-ripples. 
  

  

  1. 
  Description. 
  

  

  2. 
  Interpretation. 
  

  

  1. 
  Evidences 
  of 
  tidal 
  origin. 
  

  

  2. 
  Special 
  conditions 
  of 
  Upper 
  Ordovician 
  sea 
  of 
  Cincinnati 
  

   Anticline 
  analyzed. 
  

  

  IV. 
  General 
  absence 
  of 
  ripples 
  in 
  certain 
  formations. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  following 
  pages, 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  deductions 
  con- 
  

   cerning 
  the 
  paleogeographical 
  interpretation 
  of 
  ripples 
  

   are 
  presented 
  which 
  seem 
  to 
  follow 
  from 
  the 
  data 
  pre- 
  

   sented 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  paper. 
  (See 
  the 
  March 
  

   number, 
  pp. 
  149-210, 
  including 
  Bibliography.) 
  

  

  Am. 
  Jour. 
  Sci.— 
  Fourth 
  Series, 
  Vol. 
  XLVI, 
  No. 
  280.— 
  April, 
  1919. 
  

  

  17 
  

  

  