﻿252 
  

  

  Bucher 
  — 
  Origin 
  of 
  Ripples, 
  and 
  

  

  (-60) 
  V 
  8 
  which 
  compares 
  favorably 
  with 
  that 
  reported 
  for 
  

   the 
  Bedford-Berea 
  ripples. 
  This 
  is 
  equally 
  true 
  of 
  the 
  

   monsoon 
  off 
  the 
  western 
  side 
  of 
  Africa 
  29 
  and 
  especially 
  

   off 
  the 
  north 
  coast 
  of 
  Australia. 
  30 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  two 
  independent 
  facts 
  which 
  lend 
  additional 
  

   weight 
  to 
  the 
  assumption 
  that 
  the 
  constancy 
  of 
  the 
  Bed- 
  

   ford-Berea 
  ripples 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  monsoon 
  winds. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  11. 
  

  

  " 
  hn 
  

  

  

  L«- 
  

  

  

  

  

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  w 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

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  % 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  2.0 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  c 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  o 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  J. 
  

  

  F 
  

  

  n 
  

  

  IL 
  

  

  « 
  

  

  J. 
  

  

  J 
  

  

  ft 
  

  

  S 
  

  

  

  

  K 
  

  

  R 
  

  

  J 
  

  

  Fig. 
  11. 
  — 
  Curves 
  showing 
  the 
  relationship 
  between 
  wind 
  velocity 
  and 
  

   direction 
  of 
  wind 
  for 
  the 
  Monsoon 
  of 
  the 
  Arabian 
  Sea 
  and 
  the 
  northern 
  

   Indian 
  Ocean. 
  

  

  A 
  — 
  Mean 
  direction 
  and 
  velocity 
  of 
  the 
  wind 
  ; 
  B 
  — 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  

   observations 
  of 
  the 
  mean 
  direction 
  expressed 
  in 
  percent 
  of 
  the 
  total 
  number 
  

   of 
  observations. 
  C 
  = 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  calms. 
  

  

  (1) 
  The 
  orientation 
  of 
  the 
  ripples 
  (northwest 
  to 
  south- 
  

   east) 
  harmonizes 
  well 
  with 
  the 
  general 
  assumption 
  of 
  a 
  

   great 
  land 
  mass, 
  the 
  North 
  Atlantic 
  Continent, 
  to 
  the 
  

   northeast, 
  and 
  a 
  wide 
  expanse 
  of 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  southwest. 
  

   (2) 
  For 
  a 
  later 
  part 
  of 
  Mississippian 
  time 
  Barrell 
  

   Inferred 
  from 
  fundamentally 
  different 
  data 
  a 
  climate 
  of 
  

  

  Ibid., 
  p. 
  200. 
  

   Ibid., 
  p. 
  76. 
  

  

  Ihi<l., 
  p, 
  i's7; 
  also, 
  .1. 
  Barrell, 
  Origin 
  and 
  Significance 
  of 
  the 
  Mauch 
  

   Chunk 
  Shale, 
  Bull. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  Amer., 
  \«.l. 
  18, 
  pp. 
  449-476, 
  esp. 
  475 
  f., 
  1907. 
  

  

  