﻿Related 
  Sedimentary 
  Surface 
  Forms. 
  263 
  

  

  the 
  tidal 
  meta-ripples 
  as 
  described 
  in 
  Part 
  I. 
  The 
  essen- 
  

   tial 
  difference 
  lies 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  symmetrical 
  

   ripples 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  smaller 
  horizontal 
  form-index 
  of 
  the 
  

   asymmetrical 
  forms. 
  To 
  what 
  extent 
  this 
  difference 
  is 
  

   due 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  recent 
  tidal 
  ripples 
  were 
  observed 
  

   after 
  emergence 
  while 
  most 
  fossil 
  cases 
  probably 
  

   remained 
  under 
  a 
  water 
  cover, 
  I 
  have 
  no 
  means 
  to 
  judge. 
  

   Since 
  a 
  neutral 
  name 
  is 
  desired 
  for 
  the 
  large, 
  nearly 
  

   or 
  completely 
  symmetrical 
  ripples 
  showing 
  no 
  assortment 
  

   of 
  grain, 
  I 
  suggest 
  the 
  term 
  u 
  para-ripples." 
  

  

  2. 
  Interpretation. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  probable 
  origin 
  of 
  these 
  

   large 
  ripples 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Ordovician 
  and 
  lower 
  Silurian 
  

   of 
  the 
  Cincinnati 
  Anticline 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  published 
  

   elsewhere. 
  59 
  The 
  limited 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  publi- 
  

   cation, 
  however, 
  makes 
  it 
  appear 
  desirable 
  to 
  embody 
  it 
  

   in 
  this 
  paper. 
  

  

  a. 
  In 
  Kentucky, 
  the 
  Brassfield 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  Silu- 
  

   rian 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Cincinnati 
  Anticline 
  shows 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  

   rippled 
  layers 
  within 
  its 
  18 
  feet 
  of 
  thickness. 
  West 
  of 
  

   it, 
  no 
  traces 
  of 
  ripples 
  were 
  found 
  according 
  to 
  Foerste. 
  60 
  

  

  The 
  ferruginous 
  oolitic 
  facies 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  formation 
  is 
  

   also 
  limited 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  anticline, 
  extending 
  

   over 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  nearly 
  120 
  miles 
  from 
  Madison 
  County, 
  

   Kentucky, 
  to 
  Clinton 
  County, 
  Ohio, 
  in 
  a 
  belt 
  running 
  

   roughly 
  north-south 
  (perhaps 
  slightly 
  east 
  of 
  north). 
  

   On 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  anticline 
  nothing 
  but 
  a 
  salmon- 
  

   brown 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  betrays 
  the 
  (relative) 
  neigh- 
  

   borhood 
  of 
  ferruginous 
  deposits. 
  61 
  From 
  this 
  the 
  

   inference 
  appears 
  justified 
  that 
  the 
  shore-line 
  of 
  the 
  

   Brassfield 
  sea 
  was 
  somewhere 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  with 
  a 
  general 
  

   north-south 
  trend. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  thirteen 
  measured 
  exposures 
  of 
  rippled 
  layers 
  

   in 
  the 
  Brassfield, 
  ranging 
  over 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  nearly 
  50 
  

   miles, 
  twelve 
  showed 
  directions 
  of 
  strike 
  between 
  N 
  50 
  W 
  

   and 
  N 
  110 
  W, 
  averaging 
  N 
  76 
  W, 
  that 
  is, 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  

   to 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  assumed 
  shore-line 
  (see 
  iig. 
  146). 
  

   The 
  current, 
  therefore, 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  parallel 
  to 
  this 
  

   shore-line. 
  This 
  excludes 
  the 
  undertow 
  and 
  similar 
  cur- 
  

   rents 
  from 
  discussion. 
  

  

  59 
  W. 
  H. 
  Bucher, 
  Proc. 
  Nat. 
  Acad. 
  Sci., 
  vol. 
  3, 
  pp. 
  285-291, 
  1917. 
  

  

  00 
  Foerste, 
  The 
  Ordovician-Siliirian 
  contact 
  in 
  the 
  Kipley 
  Island 
  area 
  of 
  

   S. 
  Indiana, 
  this 
  Journal 
  (4), 
  vol. 
  18, 
  pp. 
  321-342, 
  1904. 
  

  

  01 
  Foerste 
  's 
  map 
  of 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  facies 
  of 
  the 
  Clinton 
  formation. 
  

  

  