﻿Hay 
  — 
  Ages 
  of 
  Pleistocene 
  Deposits. 
  371 
  

  

  these 
  geologists 
  find, 
  or 
  believe 
  they 
  find, 
  remains 
  of 
  old 
  

   sea-beaches. 
  The 
  writer's 
  views 
  regarding 
  the 
  existence 
  

   of 
  the 
  three 
  fannas 
  referred 
  to 
  above 
  do 
  not 
  require 
  him 
  

   to 
  contest 
  the 
  actuality, 
  only 
  the 
  ages, 
  of 
  the 
  supposed 
  

   marine 
  terraces. 
  He 
  must, 
  however, 
  call 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  the 
  two 
  oldest 
  terraces, 
  the 
  Sunderland 
  and 
  the 
  

   "Wicomico, 
  are 
  confessedly 
  devoid 
  of 
  all 
  remains 
  of 
  

   marine 
  animals, 
  of 
  mollusks 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  of 
  bony 
  creatures. 
  

   On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  there 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  them, 
  all 
  along 
  the 
  

   coastal 
  plain, 
  bones 
  and 
  teeth 
  of 
  such 
  land 
  animals 
  as 
  

   elephants, 
  mastodons, 
  and 
  horses. 
  At 
  some 
  localities, 
  

   close 
  to 
  the 
  seashore 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  surface, 
  collections 
  

   have 
  been 
  made 
  of 
  considerable 
  numbers 
  of 
  species 
  of 
  

   land 
  vertebrates. 
  That 
  is, 
  in 
  these 
  formations 
  the 
  very 
  

   things 
  that 
  the 
  theory 
  of 
  submergence 
  requires 
  are 
  want- 
  

   ing, 
  and 
  the 
  very 
  things 
  that 
  would 
  not 
  be 
  expected 
  are 
  

   present. 
  It 
  is 
  vain 
  to 
  insist 
  that 
  in 
  all 
  that 
  stretch 
  of 
  

   coast, 
  from 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  Mississippi 
  river 
  to 
  Staten 
  

   island, 
  in 
  such 
  abundant 
  deposits 
  of 
  clays, 
  sands, 
  and 
  

   gravels, 
  the 
  conditions 
  have 
  been 
  so 
  uniformly 
  unfavor- 
  

   able 
  that 
  no 
  beds 
  of 
  oysters 
  or 
  of 
  other 
  mollusks 
  could 
  be 
  

   formed 
  and 
  preserved. 
  The 
  conditions 
  have 
  not 
  pre- 
  

   cluded 
  the 
  preservation 
  of 
  the 
  bones 
  of 
  numerous 
  land 
  

   animals. 
  

  

  If 
  Maryland, 
  during 
  the 
  "Wisconsin 
  stage, 
  was 
  

   depressed 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  45 
  feet, 
  the 
  maximum 
  thickness 
  of 
  

   the 
  Talbot, 
  one 
  might 
  suppose 
  that 
  the 
  depression 
  was 
  

   connected 
  in 
  some 
  way 
  with 
  that 
  within 
  the 
  glaciated 
  

   region. 
  Fairchild 
  has 
  determined, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  

   submergence 
  diminished 
  from 
  about 
  800 
  feet 
  in 
  northern 
  

   Xew 
  York 
  to 
  nothing 
  near 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  Manasquan 
  river, 
  

   Xew 
  Jersey. 
  

  

  While 
  not 
  denying 
  that 
  there 
  may 
  have 
  occurred 
  

   change 
  of 
  level 
  along 
  the 
  coast 
  and 
  occasional 
  limited 
  

   submergence, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  latest 
  forma- 
  

   tion, 
  the 
  writer 
  believes 
  that 
  the 
  terraces 
  have 
  been 
  laid 
  

   down 
  mostly 
  by 
  some 
  kind 
  of 
  river 
  action. 
  Salisbury 
  12 
  

   has 
  shown 
  how 
  the 
  terraces 
  of 
  New 
  Jersey 
  might 
  in 
  some 
  

   such 
  way 
  have 
  been 
  produced. 
  

  

  The 
  low-lying 
  formations 
  around 
  the 
  Gulf 
  coast 
  of 
  

   Texas, 
  the 
  Lissie, 
  and 
  the 
  Beaumont 
  of 
  Denssen's 
  report 
  

   (Water-supply 
  paper 
  No. 
  335), 
  have 
  been 
  supposed 
  

  

  "Geol. 
  Surv. 
  N. 
  J., 
  vol. 
  8, 
  pp. 
  2-10, 
  figs. 
  1-6. 
  

  

  See 
  also 
  Chamberlin 
  and 
  Salisbury's 
  Geology, 
  vol. 
  3, 
  page 
  452. 
  

  

  