﻿Chemistry 
  and 
  Physics. 
  £4:3 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  important 
  results 
  obtained 
  will 
  be 
  summarized 
  in 
  

   the 
  following 
  sentences, 
  (a) 
  With 
  D 
  2 
  excitation, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  

   bulb 
  as 
  free 
  from 
  hydrogen 
  as 
  possible, 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  that 
  at 
  210° 
  

   C. 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  D 
  t 
  or, 
  more 
  exactly, 
  the 
  intensity 
  ratio 
  

   of 
  D 
  2 
  to 
  D 
  1 
  was 
  at 
  least 
  20:1. 
  At 
  300° 
  C. 
  this 
  ratio 
  was 
  about 
  

   5 
  :1. 
  When 
  the 
  bulb 
  contained 
  hydrogen, 
  at 
  a 
  pressure 
  of 
  about 
  

   0-25 
  mm. 
  of 
  mercury, 
  the 
  ratio 
  of 
  the 
  intensity 
  of 
  D 
  9 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  

   Di 
  was 
  approximately 
  4:1 
  at 
  220° 
  C, 
  and 
  3:1 
  at 
  300° 
  C. 
  (b) 
  

   With 
  the 
  much 
  weaker 
  D 
  x 
  excitation, 
  and 
  with 
  practically 
  no 
  

   hydrogen 
  present, 
  only 
  a 
  trace 
  of 
  D 
  2 
  was 
  detected 
  at 
  220° 
  C, 
  

   while 
  at 
  300° 
  C. 
  the 
  ratio 
  of 
  D 
  1 
  to 
  D 
  2 
  was 
  about 
  3:1. 
  With 
  

   hydrogen 
  at 
  0-1 
  mm., 
  and 
  at 
  a 
  temperature 
  of 
  220° 
  C, 
  the 
  ratio 
  

   of 
  D-l 
  to 
  D 
  2 
  was 
  2 
  :1. 
  At 
  250° 
  C, 
  and 
  with 
  hydrogen 
  at 
  a 
  pres- 
  

   sure 
  of 
  0-25 
  mm., 
  this 
  ratio 
  was 
  approximately 
  3 
  :2. 
  "In 
  conclu- 
  

   sion 
  it 
  seems 
  safe 
  to 
  say 
  that 
  the 
  transfer 
  of 
  energy 
  from 
  the 
  

   excited 
  line 
  to 
  its 
  companion 
  results 
  from 
  molecular 
  collision, 
  

   either 
  of 
  sodium 
  with 
  hydrogen 
  or 
  sodium 
  with 
  sodium, 
  the 
  effect 
  

   in 
  the 
  latter 
  case 
  being 
  evident 
  only 
  at 
  high 
  temperature 
  and 
  

   increased 
  density." 
  — 
  Phil. 
  Mag., 
  37, 
  456, 
  1919. 
  h. 
  s. 
  u. 
  

  

  7. 
  The 
  Stark-Lo 
  Surdo 
  Effect 
  in 
  Nitrogen 
  and 
  Oxygen. 
  — 
  The 
  

   electric 
  resolution 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  spectrum 
  lines 
  of 
  nitrogen 
  and 
  

   oxygen 
  has 
  been 
  recently 
  investigated 
  by 
  Usaburo 
  Yoshida. 
  

   The 
  spectrograph 
  employed 
  had 
  only 
  three 
  prisms 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  

   dispersion 
  in 
  the 
  red 
  was 
  relatively 
  small. 
  The 
  cathodes 
  in 
  the 
  

   vacuum 
  tubes 
  were 
  usually 
  made 
  of 
  tantalum, 
  as 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  

   that 
  this 
  metal 
  sputters 
  less 
  than 
  aluminium, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  

   generally 
  used 
  by 
  earlier 
  observers. 
  The 
  greatest 
  gradient 
  

   attained 
  in 
  these 
  experiments 
  was 
  about 
  16-5 
  X 
  10 
  4 
  volts 
  per 
  cm. 
  

  

  Nitrogen. 
  The 
  line 
  at 
  A4100-3 
  was 
  displaced 
  toward 
  the 
  more 
  

   refrangible 
  side, 
  and 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  displacement 
  was 
  approxi- 
  

   mately 
  the 
  same 
  for 
  the 
  parallel 
  (p-) 
  component 
  as 
  for 
  the 
  

   perpendicular 
  (s-) 
  component. 
  For 
  a 
  field 
  of 
  16-5 
  X 
  10 
  4 
  volts 
  

   per 
  cm. 
  the 
  shift 
  was 
  about 
  — 
  1-75 
  angstrom 
  units. 
  The 
  same 
  

   remarks 
  apply 
  to 
  the 
  line 
  at 
  A41101, 
  save 
  that 
  the 
  displacement 
  

   was 
  arithmetically 
  greater, 
  namely, 
  — 
  3-35 
  A. 
  U. 
  In 
  the 
  region 
  

   from 
  A4000 
  to 
  A5000 
  many 
  lines 
  of 
  the 
  negative 
  band 
  spectrum 
  

   and 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  positive 
  band 
  spectrum 
  were 
  recorded 
  on 
  the 
  

   spectrograms, 
  but 
  no 
  displacements 
  could 
  be 
  detected 
  even 
  in 
  

   the 
  highest 
  gradient 
  involved. 
  The 
  lines 
  A5553 
  and 
  A5688 
  were 
  

   displaced 
  toward 
  the 
  red 
  by 
  about 
  + 
  9 
  A. 
  U. 
  and 
  -f 
  4 
  A. 
  U. 
  

   respectively, 
  the 
  gradient 
  being 
  8-6 
  X 
  10 
  4 
  volts 
  per 
  cm. 
  For 
  

   each 
  of 
  these 
  lines 
  the 
  shifts 
  of 
  the 
  p- 
  and 
  s-components 
  were 
  

   apparently 
  equal. 
  The 
  author 
  ascribes 
  these 
  two 
  lines 
  to 
  nitro- 
  

   gen, 
  but 
  he 
  admits 
  that 
  the 
  identification 
  is 
  not 
  entirely 
  satis- 
  

   factory. 
  

  

  Oxygen. 
  Many 
  lines 
  of 
  the 
  spark 
  spectrum 
  of 
  oxygen 
  were 
  

   present 
  on 
  the 
  negatives, 
  but 
  no 
  electrical 
  effect 
  could 
  be 
  detected 
  

   up 
  to 
  10 
  X 
  10 
  4 
  volts 
  per 
  cm. 
  Similarly 
  no 
  displacements 
  were 
  

  

  