88 Scientific Intelligence. 



(2) Mines Branch; Eugene Haanel, Director. — Summary- 

 Report for the calendar year ending December 31, 1913. Pp. 

 x, 214 ; 51 pis., 24 figs., 1 map. 



Annual Report on the Mineral Production of Canada during 

 the calendar year 1913. John McLkish, Chief of the Division 

 of Mineral Resources and Statistics. Pp. 363. 



Bulletin No. 9. Investigation of the Peat Bogs and Peat 

 Industry of Canada 1911-12 ; by A. V. Anrkp. Pp. vii, 47 ; 29 

 pis., 6 figs., 11 maps. No. 10. Notes on Clay Deposits near 

 McMurray, Alberta ; by Sydney C. Ells. Pp. 15. 



Report on the Non-metallic minerals used in the Canadian 

 manufacturing industries ; byHow'ELLs Frechette. Pp. viii, 199. 



Peat, Lignite, and Coal : their value as fuels, etc.; by B. F. 

 Haanel. Pp. xv, 261, 19 pis., 39 figs., 20 tables. 



Petroleum and Natural Gas Resources of Canada. In two vol- 

 umes. Vol. I ; by Frederick G Clapp and others. 



Preliminary Report on the bituminous sands of Northern 

 Alberta ; by S. C. Ells. Pp. iv, 92, 55 pis., 5 figs., 1 map. 



5. Lavas of Hawaii and their Relations • by Whitman 

 Cross. Prof. Paper 88, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1915, pp. 97, 4 pis. — 

 This paper is not only of local interest in furthering our knowl- 

 edge of the petrology of the Hawaiian group, but also an import- 

 ant contribution to the general literature of the subject. It 

 represents the results of a considerable amount of work in the 

 field by the author in studying the occurrences of the rocks com- 

 posing the volcanoes, and in the collection of material, in the 

 petrographical investigation of this material as well as that col- 

 lected by others, and of a large number of chemical analyses. The 

 precise data thus assembled are of great and permanent value as 

 a contribution toward a better understanding of the petrogenesis 

 of Hawaiian lavas. 



The different islands are taken up separately and the rocks 

 occurring upon them described. It would be beyond the limits 

 of this notice to give these details, but it may be said of the rocks 

 as a whole that while the author finds that basalts of the calcic 

 series are the dominant types, yet occurrences of rocks of clearly 

 alkalic character are well represented, with some of intermediate 

 nature. In regard to the origin of these rocks, Cross assumes 

 that they have been formed by differentiation from a general 

 parent magma of the composition of a normal calcic basalt, and 

 that during the active period of each volcano differentiation was 

 seldom if ever able to produce partial magmas of extremely salic 

 or femic character. This might be due to short periods of quiet 

 in the magma chamber insufficient to permit of much differentia- 

 tion. He is not inclined to view the sinking of crystals as a 

 dominant factor in the process, though this may have played 

 some part. With decreasing activity and, perhaps, some contrac- 

 tion and limitation of magma chambers there was more differen- 

 tiation with correspondingly more salic and femic lavas. In the 

 final period of dying activity, when parasitic eruptions followed, 



