Jaggar — Activity of Maun a Loa. 629 



Palmer, on November 27, succeeded in spending the night 

 there. Owing to high winds and snow the December parties 

 had to content themselves with daylight views. The parties 

 named were Forrest and Palmer, November 27 ; Jaggar, No- 

 vember 28 ; Charles Ka, December 3 ; Baker and Bowdish, 

 December 11 ; Volcano Observatory expedition, December 15. 



Three of the expeditions attempted to camp at the summit 

 and failed, owing to weather conditions. The expense in the 

 case of the Observatory's trips has been enormously out of pro- 

 portion to the small results achieved, owing wholly to the lack of 

 any shelter in the summit area. The lessons learned in this 

 respect, however, have been of great value. The Mauua Loa sum- 

 mit region cannot be a place of good scientific observation and 

 survey until a shelter hut and stable have been erected there. 



Dr. A. S. Baker and Mr. A. C. Bowdish ascended Mauna 

 Loa from Kona December 10, and Mr. Bowdish described 

 what he saw in the Honolulu Star Bulletin of December. 15, 

 1914. He reached the western edge of Mokuaweoweo on the 

 morning of December 11, and "saw one cone still active, 

 throwing lava up 150 feet or more, while nearby was a bowl 

 that was boiling, splashing lava to the height of 50 feet or 

 more. Just beyond these to the south was a narrow line of 

 fire where a stream of lava had not fully cooled on the surface. 

 There was smoke issuing at a dozen or more places in compar- 

 atively small volumes, but no fire was visible or other cones in 

 sight. The whole floor was a vast black surface showing the 

 chilled walls of lava streams apparently no longer active. The 

 active cone is from 50 to 150 feet high, and the lava was 

 thrown up three times the distance of the height of the cone 

 above its crest. The lava lost its first color before it reached 

 the highest point and became black." (Pig. 7.) 



The Observatory expedition left Volcano House Monday, 

 December 14, at 9 a. m., by motor car for the upper cattle 

 pen of Kapapala ranch, below the Halfway House. At 10:30 

 the pack train was loaded and it reached the water tank and 

 camp ground in the forest reservation, at an elevation of about 

 8000 feet, at 4 p. m. and camp was made for the night. There 

 were eight men with riding animals and five pack animals. 

 The party was H. O. Wood, D. Lycurgus. Mr. Withers, Mr. 

 Hannon, Alex Lancaster, Joe de Mello and H. Kaukine, besides 

 the writer. 



December 15 start was made for the summit with the packs at 

 7.30 a. m., and before noon, in the snow-covered summit region, 

 a gale of wind from the southwest sprang up. This was bit- 

 terly cold and the animals could barely make progress against 

 it. The weather was cloudy but without snowfall or rain. 



The snow of the summit plateau was deep and crusted over, 



