20 



Loomis and Yowag — Shell Heaps of Manic 



Fig. 2. 



60 



those which are so characteristic of the Baura Village site in 

 Ohio.* Only under the heap on White Island, and under the one 

 on Calf Island, did anything of the sort occur, and neither of 

 these pits was distinguished by having in it very much more 



than the neighboring portions of the 

 heap. The bottom layer of pure ash 

 would indicate that those camp sites 

 were used for a long time before the 

 habit of eating molluscs was acquired. 

 Mingled in this layer were numerous 

 bones, especially those of fishes, gen- 

 erally in the most disintegrated con- 

 dition. The layer offered deer bones 

 and all the other articles characteristic 

 of the upper parts of the heaps. It 

 will thus appear that this and similar 

 camp sites are older than the first 

 shells, and it must be then deduced 

 that the original object, of coming to 

 the sea shore, was not clams but rather 

 fishing, and possibly hunting, but espe- 

 cially fishing. Where the layers were 

 made of ashes and finely broken shells, 

 the period of accumulation was longer 

 and agreeing with that, the numbers 

 of articles found in these layers was 

 also greater. 



Each of the heaps had its own char- 

 acteristics, which can be seen by 

 glancing down the columns of the lists 

 of food-animals, and tools found. Thus 

 Sawyer's Island is characterized by 

 the tremendous abundance of deer 

 remains, so that it would appear that 

 the hunting must have rivalled the 

 fishing, as doubtless this island was 

 then a part of the mainland. The 

 cod were also abundant and were 

 doubtless the reason for the location 

 of the heap. The heap on White 

 Island differed from the others in that 

 at the base of the heap was a con- 

 siderable layer of oyster and quahog 

 shells. On the north end of White 

 Island there was a small heap almost 

 exclusively composed of quahog shells. 

 The same was true of a heap on the north end of Birch 



* Baum Village Site, Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, vol. 

 xv, pp. 1-95, 1906. 



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