34 Loom is and Young— Shell Heaps of Maine. 



points occur in great numbers, as on Flagg, Calf, and Seward 

 Islands; while in other localities they are unexpectedly lacking, 

 as on Sawyer's Island, where only two questionable hooks were 

 found. Perhaps their fish were caught in nets. And also, as 

 noted above, this camp was distinctively devoted to hunting 

 deer. On the Winter Harbor site the remains of fish were most 



Fig. 5. 



Fig. 6. 



Fig. 



Fig. 5. Two beaver teeth, worked on the inner face and cut off at the 

 back end. 



Fig. 6. Harpoon points : A, arranged to be detached in the flesh ; B, the 

 type bound to end of a stick. 



Fig. 7. A typical fishhook, *^ natural size. 



abundant, and here again the hooks were less abundant than in 

 other localities, where other forms than fish were dominant. 

 Our feeling is that these hooks were not the only, or even the 

 typical, way of catching fishes. On Flagg Island the hooks 

 were as abundant as in any locality, in spite of the great dearth 

 of larger fishes, so that the hooks might have been used for the 

 purpose of catching birds like the auk. 



Bone awls were by far the commonest tools found. On 

 Sawyer's Island they were mostly made of deer bones, on 

 Flagg Island of dog and bird bones. The awl varies all the 

 way from the carefully shaped and polished two-ended tool to 

 rough splinters, on which one end is ground to a point. The 

 carefully made double-pointed awl was doubtless a domestic 

 implement of considerable value, and probably used for per- 

 forating the skins, for sewing them together, as is done by the 

 modern worker in leather even to-day. The larger and heavier 

 awls, made from the tips of antlers, the ulna of the dog, etc. 

 were used on the larger and heavier skins, while the finer 

 work, as on moccasins and clothing, was done with the smaller 

 and slenderer tools, such as those made from bird bones, the 

 side toes of deer, or the ulna of the mink. Some of the finest 

 of these points show the most careful workmanship. In 



