36 



Zoomis and Young — Shell Heaps of Maine. 



edges of the opening thus made being ground sharp. Such 

 beaming tools have been found as far south as Long Island, and 

 were abundant in the Baum Village Site. In our heaps, these 

 tools vary considerably, the largest being made from the cannon 

 bone of the moose, while others were made by cutting a deer 

 antler lengthwise, its curves making it doubly effective. Some 

 were even made from pieces of whale bones. They were used 

 in removing the hair and flesh from hides in the process of 

 making rawhide, etc. A hide laid over a log could be worked 



Fig. 9. 



Fig. 10. 



Fig. 9. Two types of needles. 1/2 natural size. 

 Fig. 10. Netting needle. 1/2 natural size. 



with these tools much more effectively than when hung, not to 

 mention the greater ease in doing the work. 



Flaking tools were not rare, consisting of squared pieces of 

 bones, cut from the solid parts of heavy bones, or from atttlers, 

 and varying in size from two to five inches long. 



Bone was also sometimes used for ornaments, for instance a 

 comb simply ornamented and having_fiye teeth which had 

 been broken before it was discarded. No teeth perforated to 

 be hung on the neck were found, though one, with a groove 

 around the root, did turn up. One small bar of bone, with a 

 series of pits on either side, appears to be a counting stick in 

 some game. Other odd and isolated finds occurred, not to 

 mention the considerable quantity of unfinished implements, 

 which were either broken in the manufacture or discarded 

 because unsatisfactory, 



One article is striking by its absence throughout all the 

 heaps investigated, and that is the bone arrow point, which 

 occurs in the burials on Long Island and in the adjacent refuse 

 pits, both made apparently by the same people as those on the 

 Maine coast. Then in the Baum Village Site the bone arrow 



