Substituted Aliphatic Acids. 



73 









Table II. 















Esters 



in water alone. 







Ethyl 

 propionate 



Ethyl 



a-chlor- 



propionate 



Ethyl 



a-brom- 



propionate 



Ethyl 



/3-chlor- 



propionate 



Ethyl 



/3-brom- 



propionate 



Time 

 in hr. 



(a) 

 % hydr. 



Time 

 in hr. 



(a) 

 % hydr. 



A. 



(«) 

 % hydr 



At 35° C. 



Time 

 in hr. 



(a) 

 % hydr. 



(a) 

 % hydr. 



163 







49.5 



3-0 



2-6 



51 



9 



2-8 



281 



0-3 



112-5 



7-5 



5-9 



100 



0-4 



5-2 



385 



0-7 



163-5 



10-9 



10-9 



166 



1-1 



9-7 



475 



1-2 



281 



20-1 



20-4 



270 



2-1 



18-0 



573 



1-8 



385 



28-8 



31-7 



360 



2-7 



26-3 







475 



36-2 



45-5 



458 



3-4 



36-2 







573 



, 44-8 

 B. 



At 50° C. 









24 



o-i 



24 



5-2 



6-4 



52 



2-1 



22 



50 



0-4 



50 



11-1 



16-3 



96 



4-1 



49 



121 



1-9 



77 



18-2 



33-1 



120 



5-3 



65 



175-5 



4-2 



120 



32 



67-6 



150 



7-7 



85 



200-5 



5-7 



144 



40-5 



85-4 



175 



10-1 



119 



241 



8-0 



175 



50-1 



107 



216 



13-2 



141 



336 



19'2 



200 



57 



122 



240 



17-2 



168 







310 



67-4* 



151f 



310 



22-41 



175§ 



Table III. — Summary. 

 Hydrolysis in N/10 HC1 or HBr. 





Ethel 

 propionate 



Ethyl Ethel 

 a-chlor- a-brom- 

 propionate propionate 



Ethyl 

 /?-chlor- 

 propionate 



Ethel 

 ^-brorn- 

 propionate 





10 5 K 





10 5 K 10 5 K 



10 5 K 



10 5 K 



At 25°C. 



70-4 





28-5 21-06 



9-75 



8-15 



" 35°C. 



177-3 





56-9 38-9 



23-9 



21-6 



" 50°C. 



533-8 





187-4 92-5 



86-1 



54-5 







Hydrolysis in water alone. 









Time (b) 

 in hr. % hydr, 



Time (&) (b) 

 , inhr. % hydr. $hydr 



(b) 

 % hydr. 



% hydr. 



At35°C. 



458 



1-1 



458 28-3 45-5 



3-4 



36-2 



" 50°C. 



335 



19-2 



310 85 100 



13 



99 



(a) % hydr. denotes total acidity referred to the initial concentration of ester. 



(b) % hydr. denotes ester hydrolyzed, corrected for halogen acid set free. 



* In 310 hours Q'3% of the total chlorine of the ester was set free as HC1. 

 f In 310 hours 66$! of the total bromine of the ester was set free as HBr. 

 % In 310 hours 9 - 4$ of the total chlorine of the ester was set free as HC1. 

 § In 310 hours 75 ■&% of the total bromine of the ester was set free as HBr. 



