E. Jr. Berry — Pleistocene Plants. 221 



valley arc unsuited for this species, which at hest is of extremely 

 slow growth and scanty reproduction. Since somewhat similar 

 anomalies of distribution are illustrated by some of the fossil 

 forms associated with the Cypress at Buena Vista, their 

 general bearing will be discussed at the end of the enumeration 

 or species. 



Fagales. 



Querents alba Linne 



Mercer, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. (2), vol. xi, p. 281, 1899. 

 Penhallow, Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., vol. x. p. 74, 1904. 



Amer. Nat., vol. xli, p. 448, 1907. 

 Berry, Jonrn. Geol., vol. xv, p. 342, 1907. 



The white oak ranges from Maine to Florida and Texas and 

 still grows in the Shenandoah Valley. Fossil remains have 

 been recorded from the Interglacial deposits of the Don 

 Valley, near Toronto, Canada, from the bone cave at Port 

 Kennedy, Pa., and from the Talbot Pleistocene of North 

 Carolina. A probably identical form which has been referred 

 to Quercus pseudo-alba by Hollick* occurs in the Sunderland 

 Pleistocene of Maryland, so that there is nothing remarkable 

 in finding the white oak represented in the Pleistocene of 

 Buena Vista. 



Quercus predigitata Berry 



Berry, Journ. Geol., vol. xv, p. 342, figs. 4, 5, 1907. 



This species, the undoubted Pleistocene ancestor of the exist- 

 ing Quercus digltata (Marsh) Slid worth and Quercus 

 pagodcefolia (Ell.) Ashe, was described from the Talbot 

 Pleistocene of North Carolina. It is exceedingly abundant in 

 the Pleistocene shales at Buena Vista. The modern Spanish 

 oak, which is very like Quercus predigitata, ranges from New 

 Jersey to Texas and is for the most part a coastal plain species. 

 It is said to extend up the Potomac River as far as Seneca 

 Creek and is recorded by the Maryland Botanical Survey from 

 the lower slope of Sugar Loaf Mountain in the upper Midland 

 district of Maryland. Prof. Sudworth informs me he has found 

 it in Stewart County, Tenn., and Shafer has reported it from 

 Allegheny County, Pa. (Ann. Carnegie Mus., v. 1, p. 101, 

 1904). Prof. Sudworth, who kindly called my attention to 

 the latter reference, doubts the authenticity of this record, but 

 in the light of the abundance of Quercus predigitata in the 

 Shenandoah Valley during the Pleistocene, it is not im- 

 probable that scattered descendants of it are still to be found 

 west of the Blue Pudge. 



* Hollick, Md. Geol. Snrv., Pliocene and Pleistocene, p. 227, pi. 70, f. 2 ; 

 pi. 71, f. 1-6, 1906. 



