Geology. 147 



tire text, a combination which serves the purpose of the folios of 

 the U. S. Geological Survey, has been published for 5,460 square 

 miles of the Transkei Country. This region possesses exceptional 

 interest on acco\mt of the almost complete succession of the Kar- 

 roo system embracing the Ecca, Beaufort, and Stormberg series. 

 Strain assigned to the Permian include 2,000 to 2,500 feet of 

 shale overlying (he Dwyka glacial beds, 4,500 to 5,000 feet of 

 feldspathie sandstone, and 700 to 800 feet of variegated cal- 

 careous sandstones from which Lystrosaurits and a new reptile, 

 Prolystrosaurus, have been obtained. To the Triassic are 

 assigned 1,500 to 2,000 feet of bright-colored, friable rocks, blue 

 and greenish flagstones and shales, and feldspathie sandstones. 

 Above these lie 1,4Q0 to 1,800 feet of coarse pebbly feldspathie 

 sandstones with plant remains, 1,200 feet of "Red Beds" from 

 which Thecodontosaurus minor (Haughton) was obtained. The 

 Rhaetic (?) is represented by volcanic deposits and 800 feet of 

 Cave sandstone. There is a remarkable development of volcanic 

 necks, dikes, and sheets dating from the Jurassic ( ?). n. e. g. 



4. The Geology of the Moonia and Wallaroo Mining District; 

 by R. L<>< kiiaut -Jack. Geol. Survey South Australia, Dept. 

 Mines, Bull. 6, 1917. Pp. 135, 27 pis., 3 photos.— The mines of 

 Moonta and Wallaroo, discovered in 1860, continue to hold first 

 rank among the producers of South Australia. Their output of 

 copper exceeds in value the total mineral production from 

 other parts of the state. Mr. Jack has prepared a history of these 

 interesting mines with a detailed account of the origin, nature, 

 and treatment of the ores, supplemented by petrographic descrip- 

 tions and chemical analyses. The geological column in this 

 region is as follows : 1. Pre-Cambrian highly altered sediments 

 with basic and felstitic igneous rocks, intruded by granite and 

 pegmatite and containing the ore deposits; 2. peneplain; 3. 

 Cambrian quartzite, conglomerate, limestone, and clay-slate 

 slightly disturbed and without intrusions; 4. peneplain; 5. 

 marine Tertiary limestone ; 6. peneplain, which in many places 

 is continuous with the pre-Cambrian erosion surface. A sheet 

 of "travertine," the "caliche" of arid North America, lies 

 at or near the surface. An unusual feature of the Cambrian 

 rocks is the association of quartzite with unaltered fine-grained 

 sediments, probably the result of metamorphism of the coarser 

 beds by vadose waters. The veins are formed of an unusual 

 assemblage of minerals. At Moonta the vein type is a copper- 

 bearing schorlaceous pegmatite in which bornite and chalcopy- 

 rite are original constituents. At "Wallaroo ' 'the gangue minerals 

 consist of quartz, coarse plates of biotite, ... a little feldspar, 

 schorl, apatite, fluorite, amphibole, pyroxene, siderite, calcite, 

 dolomite, rhodocrosite, and mizzonite. Chlorite, muscovite, and 

 sericite are also present in small amount. Metallic minerals are 

 chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and small amounts of galena, 

 blende, ferberite, scheelite, molybdenite, and gold. Smaltite 



