444 Loomis—An Unusual Mastodon. 



The teeth I have described are .the largest cited except 

 one described by Mays (op. cit.), a fifth lower tooth; 

 which is 5-8 inches long, and the sixth is 8-1 inches long. 

 These are in the Wistar Institute, and are the largest 

 mastodon teeth recorded. 



The skeleton of the St. Helena mastodon has the usual 

 characters of the American mastodons except that it is 

 of unusually large size. The Nine Mile Bottom individual 

 was slightly larger, about five per cent. The following 

 measurements give a fair idea of the variation in size 

 of the larger mastodons. The Warren mastodon was 

 presumably a male. The same is true of the St. Helena 

 Island individual. The Cambridge mastodon was pre- 

 sumably a female, as was also the one from Crawford 

 County, Ohio. 8 



St. Helen Is. Warren Cambridge Crawford Co. 



Humerus, total length 39 39 30y 2 29 



smallest circumference 



of shaft 19i/ 2 18 14 



Radius, length 29y 4 29 23% 23 



breadth at carpal end 7y> 6y 2 6 



Ulna, length 34 " 34 27 25y 2 



least circumference of 



shaft 15 14 10i/ 2 



Femur, length 43 43 36 35 



circumference of head 23 22 18 



least circumference of 



shaft 181/4 17 13 



circumference of lower 



end . 34l/ 2 34 



Tibia, length 28 28 20% 22 



circumference at upper 



end 313/4 30 



least circumference of 



shaft 14 13y 2 



From the foregoing it will appear that in the case of 

 these two mastodons from South Carolina, we are deal- 

 ing with individuals of unusually heavy build, even more 

 so than in the case of the Warren specimen. I feel that 

 this is a feature not only of the males but a tendency of 

 the southern individuals, which will appear more clearly 

 as soon as comparative measurements of a considerable 

 number from the south are available. 



8 Horner and Hays, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 1842, new series, vol. 8. 



