VOL. XLVIII JULY, 1919. 



Established by BENJAMIN SILLIMAN in 1818. 

 THE 



AMERICAN 



JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 



Editor: EDWARD S. DANA. 



ASSOCIATE EDITORS 



Professors GEORGE L. GOOD ALE, JOHN TROWBRIDGE, 

 and WM. M. DAVIS, of Cambridge, 



Professors A. E. VERRILL, HORACE L. WELLS, CHARLES 



SCHUCHERT, L. V. PIRSSON, H. E. GREGORY, 



and HORACE S. UHLER, of New Haven, 



Professor JOSEPH S. AMES, of Baltimore, 

 Mr. J. S. DILLER, of Washington. 



FOURTH SERIES 

 VOL. XLVIII— [WHOLE NUMBER, CXCVIII], 



No. 283— JULY, .1919. 



NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. 



19 19. 



THE TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR CO., PRINTERS, 123 TEMPLE STREET. 



Published monthly. Six dollars per year, in advance. $6.40 to countries in ttfe 

 Postal Union ; $6.25 to Canada. Single numbers 50 cents ; No. 271, one dollar. 



Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at New Haven, Conn., under the Act 

 of March 3. 1879. 



