Miscellaneous Scientific Intelligence. 401 



court lawyers are essential; yet millions of persons need just 

 such assistance from time to time but can not get it because 

 they are too poor to pay for it. The report argues, that if one 

 party is too poor to buy lawyers' services they must somehow 

 be furnished him unless miscarriage of justice is to be the por- 

 tion of the poor, the weak and the ignorant. It is also recog- 

 nized that in certain types of cases attorneys may be dispensed 

 with as in the small claims courts, such as now exist in Cleveland 

 and Chicago. 



In general, the definite solutions advocated are the legal aid 

 organizations for civil cases and organizations similar to the 

 public defenders for criminal cases. There are now forty-one 

 such organizations, operating in some cities as private charities, 

 in others as public bureaus. Already they have given legal aid 

 to one and a half million clients and through their work have 

 secured for clients sums owed amounting to four million dollars. 



2. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 

 Robert S. Woodward, President. — Recent publications of the 

 Carnegie Institution are noted in the following list (continued 

 from vol. 48, pp. 163, 164) : 



No. 248. The Cactaceas. Descriptions and illustrations of 

 plants of the Cactus Family ; by N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose. 

 Volume I, quarto; pp. vii, 236; 36 plates in part colored and 

 302 text figures. 



No. 256. History of the theory of numbers. Volume I : 

 Divisibility and Primality, by Leonard Eugene Dickson. Pp. 

 xiii, 486. 



No. 257. I. Orthogenetic evolution in Pigeons. Posthu- 

 mous Works of C. 0. Whitman; Edited by Oscar Riddle. 

 Vol. I, quarto. Pp. x, 194 ; 88 plates, 36 text figures. 



No. 257. II. Inheritance, fertility, and the dominance of 

 sex and color in hybrids of wild species of Pigeons. Post- 

 humous Works of C. 0. Whitman; edited by Oscar Riddle. 

 Volume II, quarto. Pp. xx, 224; 39 plates, 11 text figures. 



No. 257. III. The behavior of Pigeons. Posthumous Works 

 of C. 0. Whitman. Volume III, edited by Harvey A. Carr, 

 with a preface by Oscar Riddle, quarto. Pp. xi, 161. 



No. 263. The mechanism of evolution in Leptinotarsa ; by 

 William Lawrence Tower; including appendix on the rela- 

 tion of water to the behavior of the potato beetle in a desert ; by 

 J. K. Breitenbacher. Pp. viii, 384; with plates, maps and 

 text figures. 



No. 279. A biometric study of basal metabolism in man; by 

 J. Arthur Harris and Francis G. Benedict. Pp. vi, 266. 



No. 280. Human vitality and efficiency under prolonged 

 restricted diet; by Francis G. Benedict, Walter R. Miles, 

 Paul Roth, and H. Monmouth Smith. Pp. xi, 701, with fron- 

 tispiece and 124 text figures. 



No. 285. The genetic and the operative evidence relating to 



