82 H. D. Miser — Llanoyia, the Paleozoic Land 



Deformation of rocks in the Arluckle and Wichita mountains. 



Although several nnconformities^- separate the Paleo- 

 zoic formations in the Arbuckle Mountains, the beds were 

 folded and faulted mainly during two periods.^^ The 

 first of these periods occurred near the close of the 

 Mississippian epoch or near the beginning of the Pennsyl- 

 vanian epoch, when the western part of the region was 

 probably elevated high enough to form mountains. The 

 land formed by this uplift remained above sea level 

 during a large part of the Pemisylvanian epoch, but 

 before the close of the epoch it was submerged, in part at 

 least, and the Franks conglomerate of Pemisylvanian age 

 was deposited across it on the eroded edges of the older 

 strata. The second period of folding and faulting 

 occurred near the close of the Pemisylvanian epoch and 

 prior to the deposition of the nearly flat-lying ^'Red 

 Beds," the oldest of which are of very late Pennsylvanian 

 or early Permian age. At this time also the rocks in the 

 Arkansas Valley and the Ouachita Mountains were closely 

 compressed into numerous east-west folds and were 

 faulted at many places. 



The history of the Wichita Mountains was regarded by 

 J. A. Taff as similar to that of the Arbuckle Mountains.^* 

 The Arbuckle and Wichita areas, being land during much 

 of the Pennsylvanian epoch, were outliers of the main 

 Pemisylvanian land mass to the southeast or formed a 

 part of it.^^^ 



°^ Taff, J. A. Preliminary report on the geology of the Arbuekle and 

 Wichita mountains in Indian Territory and Oklahoma, U. S. G-eol. Survey, 

 Prof. Paper 31, 1904. 



Eeeds, C. A. A report on the geological and mineral resources of the 

 Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma, Oklahoma Geol. Survey, Bull. 3, 1910. 



The Hunton formation of Oklahoma, this Journal (4), vol. 32, pp. 



256-268, 1911. 



^Taff, J. A. Op. cit., pp. 15, 33-35, 37-38, 1904. U. S. Geol. Survey 

 Geol. Atlas, Tishomingo folio (No. 98) pp. 5, 7, 1903. 



°* Taff, J. A., U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 31, p. 80. 



^*a Since this paper was written E. C. Moore gave a paper before the 

 Chicago meeting of the Geological Society of America, in December, 1920, 

 in which he presented the conclusion that there was only one main period of 

 folding and faulting in the Arbuckle Mountains. This period, which was 

 accompanied by orogenic movements in the Ouachita Mountains and Arkan- 

 sas Valley, he places in the late Pennsylvanian. One of the principal features 

 of his evidence for this conclusion is that the Franks conglomerate is not 

 equivalent to the Wapanucka limestone, as was held by Taff, but is in gen- 

 eral the equivalent of the Seminole conglomerate which is regarded as being 

 late Pennsylvanian in age and which is thus much younger than the Wapa- 

 nucka limestone. 



