Geology. 305 



fathoms. The shallow waters down to 30 fathoms have tropical 

 species in great abundance, and in the deep seas arenaceous forms 

 like those of high latitudes predominate. In this we see that tem- 

 perature controls their distribution, and not depth and pressure. 

 A giant discoidal form is Cycloclypeus carpenteri, growing to 3 

 inches in diameter. c. s. 



6. The Direction of Human Evolution; by Edwin Grant 

 CoNKLiN. Pp. 247, New York (Charles Scribner's Sons), 1921. 

 — This is certainly a very interesting book on philosophical natur- 

 alism, and because of the easy-flowing language one is swept on 

 through the evidence of what evolution has done for man mor- 

 phologically to the consideration of what in all probability social 

 evolution will do for him. The author first prepares the reader 

 through a discussion of "Paths and Possibilities of Human 

 Evolution" for a better understanding of his views of "Evolu- 

 tion and Democracy," out of which he believes will eventually 

 come the highest possible happiness for social man, indicated in 

 the concluding section on ' ' Evolution and Religion. ' ' 



To the scientist, ' ' nature is everything that is, ' ' and he seeks 

 through observation, experiment, and reason to prove all things 

 and to hold fast to that which is true. Therefore ' ' the one thing 

 to be desired by church and state, by society and individuals is 

 not perfect truth nor a panacea for all human ills but open- 

 mindedness, sincerity, and sanity." "The new wine of science 

 is fermenting powerfully in the old bottles of theology. ' ' 



The human body, including the nervous system and the brain, 

 seems to have already attained its limits of evolution, but man, by 

 his increasing power over nature, is actually taking into his 

 evolution the control of his environment. On the other hand, the 

 progressive development of intellectual human society has just 

 begun, for "in social evolution a new path of progress has been 

 found the end of which no one can foresee." "The great goal 

 toward which the human race is moving is the rational organiza- 

 tion of society ... a Society of Nations, a Federation of the 

 World. ' ' Personal liberty will give way to social organization, to 

 ' ' the freedom of nations and races rather than of individuals, the 

 self determination of peoples rather than of persons. ' ' 



"Everywhere the universe is a cosmos and not a chaos." 

 Throughout there is design, but we shall never find the explana- 

 tion, for it concerns the origin of things, and finite man, even 

 though his comprehension now extends beyond the stars, can not 

 explain the riddle of the infinite. 



"The religion of evolution . . . looks forward to unnumbered 

 ages of human progress upon the earth, to ages of better social 

 organization, of increasing specialization and co-operation among 

 individuals and races and nations, to ages of greater justice and 

 peace and altruism. Indeed the religion of evolution is nothing 



