Berry — Engelhardtia from the American Eocene. 495 



Secondaries numerous, thin, more or less parallel, about twelve 

 to tifteen pairs to each wing, alternate. The secondaries branch 

 from the midvein at a wide angle which becomes progressively 

 less distad, where they are placed at more frequent intervals 

 and are more regularly curved,, camptodrome throughout. Ter- 

 tiaries extremely fine, forming small arches just inside the 

 margin and more or less rectangular meshes within the spaces 

 bounded by the secondaries. 



Margins strictly entire throughout. The essential portion 

 of the fruit is poorly preserved and partially broken away, as 

 is usually the case in the fossil species of this genus. It 

 appears to have been of considerable consistency, and the 

 whole fruit having fallen face downward the reflexed wings 

 raised the peduncular portion, which either rotted away before 

 fossilization or, what is more probable, was broken off when 

 the specimen was collected. 



Among previously described Tertiary forms the present 

 species is most similar to Engelhardtia Brongniarti Saporta, 

 a species recorded from Spain, France, Italy, Germany, and 

 Austria-Hungary and supposed to range from the Oligocene 

 to the Pliocene. The American species is somewhat larger 

 than the usual size of Engelhardtia Brongniarti, although 

 Unger has figured forms of the latter which do not differ much 

 in size from Sotzka in Styria. The wings are more spreading 

 and the outlines are much more elegant. In the European 

 form the wings are rounded apically as in the American species 

 but they are approximately the same width throughout and do 

 not taper downward as they do in Engelhardtia mississippi- 

 ensis. The secondaries, instead of being regular and camptdo- 

 drome as in the latter, are less numerous and more irregular 

 in position, several in each wing ascending from the base for 

 considerable distances approximately parallel with the midvein. 



Among the existing species with which it has been compared 

 Engelhardtia mississippiensis is very similar to most of the 

 described oriental forms, perhaps resembling Engelhardtia 

 spicata Blume more closely than the others. The latter ranges 

 from the northwestern Himalayan region through Burma to 

 Java and other East Indian islands. Comparative material of 

 Oreomunnea is very scarce. A single fruit in the National 

 Herbarium is closer to the fossil than are any of the Asiatic 

 species, but in the absence of more material the limits of vari- 

 ation in Oreomunnea are unknown. 



In a general way Engelhardtia fruits are not unlike those of 

 Carpinus, as has already been mentioned. There seems to be 

 little occasion for confusion, however, even in poorly pre- 

 served fossil material. The fruit proper is decidedly dif- 

 ferent, although this is seldom well enough preserved in 



