THE CANADA GOOSE. 197 



breadth at the anterior costal processes 3 inches; the height of the crest 1 

 inch 10 twelfths. The liver is small, the left lobe, which is 3 inches in 

 length, covering but a very small portion of the stomach; the right lobe is 5 

 inches in length; the gall-bladder 2 inches 9 twelfths in length, 8 twelfths 

 in breadth, but contracted to 3 twelfths at the distance of 10 twelfths from 

 the extremity, where it enlarges to about 5 twelfths. The heart is 3 inches 

 long, 2i inches in breadth at the base. 



The trachea measures 20^ inches in length. At first it inclines a little to 

 the left side, then on the anterior concave curve of the neck passes gradually 

 to the right side, along which it proceeds as far as the lower part of the 

 convex curve, when it separates in front from the neck, and forms a loop or 

 abrupt curve, which is attached to the anterior part of the sternum, between 

 the coracoid bones, thus approximating to the trachea of the Swans, but not 

 entering the crest of the sternum. It then passes directly along the spine to 

 behind the middle of the heart, where it bifurcates. In this respect also it 

 is singular, in being more elongated than in the other species, of which the 

 bifurcation is considerably anterior to the heart. At the commencement its 

 breadth is 6 twelfths; presently after it enlarges to 8 twelfths, then contracts 

 to 6 twelfths, and so continues until it begins to form the loop, on which its 

 breadth is again S twelfths; after this it gradually tapers, so as to be only 2^- 

 twelfths wide at the inferior larynx, where its depth, however, is 5 twelfths. 

 The form of that part is much the same as in the Swans, there being a similar 

 elevated, bony, curved edge on each side, projecting beyond the commence- 

 ment of the membrane of the bronchus, which is ^ inch in length before the 

 first ring appears. These membranes form a pretty large sac of a triangular 

 form; and the continuation of the bronchus is extremely diminutive, with 

 only 10 very small and slender cartilaginous half rings. The lateral muscles 

 are large; their anterior part gives off the sterno-tracheal at the distance of 

 2i inches from the inferior larynx; but the posterior part, which is much 

 larger, runs down 1 inch farther, and then terminates in a pointed form, not 

 extending so far as to constitute an inferior laryngeal muscle. The rings of 

 the trachea are broad, very firm, considerably flattened, 220 in number. 



