384 LONG-TAILED DUCK. 



the primaries internally. The middle four feathers of the tail brownish- 

 black, the outer two of these slightly margined with white, all the rest 

 white, but the inner with a longitudinal dusky patch on the outer web. 



Length to end of tail 23 inches, to end of wings 15, to end of claws 17; 

 extent of wings 29|-; wing from flexure 9^; middle tail-feathers 10, lateral 

 tail-feathers 2^; bill along the ridge 1 T 2 2, along the edge of lower mandible 

 1 T 8 2; tarsus 1-^; outer toe and claw 2 T 3 ^, middle toe and claw lf^, hind toe 

 and claw \\ . 



Female in summer. 



The female is somewhat less than the male, and differs not only in colour, 

 but in the scapulars, which are not elongated, and in the tail, which is short 

 and rounded. The bill and feet are dusky-green, the iris yellow. The head 

 is dark greyish-brown, with a patch of greyish-white surrounding the eye, 

 but not extending to the bill; there is a larger patch of the same colour on 

 the side of the neck, the hind part of which is similar to the head, the fore 

 part greyish-brown, the feathers broadly margined with whitish. All the 

 upper parts are of a dark greyish-brown, the two lateral tail-feathers edged 

 with white; the lower parts white, the feathers under the wings slightly 

 tinged with grey. 



Length to end of tail 15f- inches, to end of 'wings 14^, to end of claws 

 16i|; extent of wings 26^; wing from flexure 8; middle tail-feathers 2 T 9 2, 

 lateral 2^; bill along the ridge 1 T 2 2, along the edge of lower mandible 1 T 5 2. 



Adult Male in winter. 



The outer half of the bill rich orange-yellow, that colour extending to the 

 base along the ridge, the unguis and the basal half black, as well as the 

 unguis and edges of the lower mandible. The head, neck, the fore part of 

 back and scapulars, white; the space about the eye pale greyish-red, and a 

 large oblong patch of chocolate-brown on the side of the neck. The upper 

 parts, including the four middle tail-feathers, are brownish-black, but the 

 secondary quills tinged with reddish-brown, and having paler margins. The 

 anterior half of the breast chocolate-brown, the rest of the lower parts and 

 the four lateral tail-feathers white. 



Unfledged Young. 



The young, when newly excluded, are covered with stiflfish down. Bill 

 and feet greenish-dusky; the upper parts chocolate-brown; a small spot of 

 white under the eye; throat and lower parts whitish, as well as an oblong 

 patch on the cheeks. 



The young male in winter, that is, after its first moult, has the bill and 

 legs dusky-green. The head and half of the neck are whitish; the upper 

 part of the former and a patch on the side of the latter mottled with brown- 

 ish-black and chocolate. The upper parts brownish-black, variegated with 



