394 BUFF-BREASTED MERGANSER. 



long; the lobes of the liver are nearly equal, the right being 3 inches 7 

 twelfths long, the left 3 inches 3 twelfths. 



The upper mandible has about 28 recurved conical, acute, horny papillae, 

 and an internal series of smaller, on each side; the tip of the unguis serrulate; 

 on the lower mandible are about 40 of the same nature. The tongue is 2 

 inches 1 twelfth long, fleshy, emarginate, and papillate at the base, tapering, 

 with a double row of slender reversed papillae along the upper surface, and 

 two lateral series of filaments on each side; the tip lacerated, horny on the 

 back. Posterior nasal aperture oblong, 10 twelfths in length, papillate on 

 the edges. Aperture of the glottis 4^- twelfths long. The mouth is 10 

 twelfths in breadth, but may be extended to 1 inch 9 twelfths. The 

 oesophagus is 10^ inches long, its diameter 1 inch 7 twelfths on the neck, 

 contracting to 8 twelfths as it enters the thorax, but again expanding; the 

 external coat of transverse muscular fibres very thick; the internal layer of 

 longitudinal fibres very distinct; the mucous coat thrown into prominent 

 longitudinal plaits when contracted; the mucous follicles disposed in longi- 

 tudinal single series. The proventriculus is 2 inches long, the glandules 

 very numerous, oblong, about 2 twelfths in length, forming a complete belt. 

 The stomach is a strong gizzard, of moderate size, 2 inches long, the lateral 

 muscles 5 twelfths thick; the epithelium very thick, nearly 1 twelfth, longi- 

 tudinally rugous. In the stomach and gullet was a fish 9 inches long, the 

 portions lying in the stomach and proventriculus partially dissolved, the 

 rest 4 inches long, not acted upon; there were also two fragments of quartz, 

 one of them a quarter of an inch long. The intestine is long, measuring 6 

 feet 3 inches, its diameter from 5 to 3 twelfths. The cceca are 3 inches long, 

 for half an inch 1^ twelfths in diameter, in the rest of their extent 4 twelfths. 

 The rectum 5 inches long, including the cloaca, which has a diameter of an 

 inch and a quarter. 



The trachea, 10^- inches long, has at first a diameter of 4 twelfths, dilates 

 gradually to 8 twelfths, then contracts to 4 twelfths, enlarges a second time 

 to 7 twelfths, and gradually contracts to 3 twelfths. In this space the rings, 

 146, are strong, broad, and osseous. At its lower part is an. enormous 

 dilatation composed of numerous united rings, bulging irregularly on the 

 right side and behind, and on the left expanded into a case having two large 

 spaces filled by membrane; the greatest diameter of this tympanum is 2 

 inches and 2 twelfths. The bronchi come off at the distance of nearly an 

 inch from each other, and are short, but wide, with about 25 half-rings. The 

 lateral or contractor muscles are very strong, give off a pair of cleido- 

 tracheals from the second enlargement, and at the commencement of the 

 labyrinth the sterno-tracheals, which are also very large; but there are no 

 other inferior laryngeal muscles. 



