GLOSSARY. 315 



Lemubid^. — A group of four-handed animals, distinct from the 

 Monkeys and approaching the Insectivorous Quadrupeds in 

 some of their characters and habits. Its members have the 

 nostrils curved or twisted, and a claw instead of a nail upon 

 the first finger of the hind hands. 



LepidoPteba. — An order of Insects, characterised by the posses- 

 sion of a spiral proboscis, and of four large more or less 

 scaly wings. It includes the well-known Butterflies and 

 Moths. 



Littoral.— Inhabiting the seashore. 



Loess.— A marly deposit of recent (Post-Tertiary) date, which 

 occupies a great part of the valley of the Rhine. 



Malacostraca. — The higher division of the Crustacea, including 

 the ordinary Crabs, Lobsters, Shrimps, &c., together with the 

 Woodlice and Sand-hoppers. 



Mammalia. — The highest class of animals, including the ordinary 

 hairy quadrupeds, the Whales, and Man, and characterised by 

 the production of living young which are nourished after birth 

 by milk from the teats {Mammm, Mammary glands) of the 

 mother. A striking difierence in embryonic development has 

 led to the division of this class into two great groups ; in one 

 of these, when the embryo has attained a Certain stage, a vas- 

 cular connection, called the placenta, is formed between the 

 embryo and the mother ; in the other this is wanting, and the 

 young are produced in a very incomplete state. The former, 

 including the greater part of the class, are called Placental 

 mammals; the latter, or Aplacental mammals, include the 

 Marsupials and Monotremes (Ornithorhynchus). 



Mammifeeous. Having mammaB or teats (see Mammalia). 



Mandibles, in Insects. — The first or uppermost pair of jaws, which 

 are generally soM, horny, biting organs. In Birds the term is 

 applied to both jaws with their horny coverings. In Quadru- 

 peds the mandible is properly the lower jaw. 



Marsupials. — An order of Mammalia in which the young are bom 

 in a very incomplete state of development, and carried by the 

 mother, while sucking, in a ventral pouch (marsupium), such 

 as the Kangaroos, Opossums, &c. (see Mammalia). 



Maxilla, in Insects.— The second or lower pair of jaws, which are 

 composed of several joints and furnished with peculiar jointed 

 appendages called palpi, or feelers. 



