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Stump Point is by far the longest stretch of highland along the shore, being nearly 

 two miles in length. Conkling Bay during the summer months contained an area 

 of water about 300 feet in diameter and 20 feet deep, bordered by wide stretches 

 of marsh containing a few small pools of very shallow water. To the north of 

 Conkling Bay, Conkling Hill ascends rapidly to a height of 40 feet or more. This 

 hill is conical in shape and slopes to the water on the south and east, and to marsh 

 and lowland on the north and west. 



It will be noticed that the perpendicular bluffs of the main lake face to the 

 south at Jones' Landing; to the southwest at Wawasee, Ogden Island and Cedar 

 Point; to the west along Crow's Bay and Morrison's Island; and to the north 

 along Vawter Park. The high hills at Jarrett's and Conkling's are without pre- 

 cipitous shores. All of these bluffs are bordered by wide areas of shallow water, 

 and it will be noticed that the 10-foot contour line of the bottom does not approach 

 the shore much nearer than 400 feet, and is usually much further from shore. As 

 a rule, the bluffs facing to the south and southwest have a much wider margin of 

 shallow water than those facing to the west or north. 



Wherever there is a long stretch of shore, bordered by marsh, there is no 

 beach formed, but the muddy bottom of the lake merges into the mud of the 

 marsh along the shore line. Along all the dry shores, and along the marshes of 

 small extent lying between bluffs, the beach is composed of gravel and sand. 

 This gives a gravelly or sandy beach around Syracuse Lake, except on the east 

 and southwest; along the north shore of the main lake, from the Channel to 

 Ogden Point; along the east shore of Johnson's Bay, from Cedar Point northwest 

 to the extremity of the dry shores ; from the northeast corner of Crow's Bay to a 

 point east of the north end of Morrison's Island; along the south end of Jarrett's 

 Bay ; from Clark's Point along the south shore for a short distance beyond Black 

 Stump Point. These beaches along the bluffs are formed by erosion and deposit 

 along the base of the bluffs. The sandy and gravelly beaches along marshes are 

 found where the adjoining bottom of the lake is composed of sand and gravel. 

 These beaches have most probably been formed by the action of ice. 



Around the main lake a number of beach formations of this kind are found. 

 From Wawasee a half mile west the beach is composed of sand and gravel. It 

 is about three feet above the water's level, and is higher than the land back of it. 

 From the east end of the bluffs of Wawasee to the dry land of Ogden Island is a 

 distance of a half mile, and the marsh along the shore is very little, if any, 

 higher than the level of the lake. Between the marsh and lake is a beach com- 

 posed of sand and gravel. This beach is two feet or more above the level of the 

 water, and 30 feet wide. The beach along the bluff of Ogden Island is of the 



