SPIDERS 



immense family includes those usually separated under 

 the names Eperridae and Linyphiidae. 



54. Meta segmentata, Clerck. 



Bickleigh (G. C. B.); North Devon (T. R. R. S.). 

 A very abundant spider in the summer and autumn 

 amongst nettles and other herbage along hedgerows. 

 The spiders vary very much in size, and spin an 

 orbicular web having a clear space in the centre as do 

 others of the genus and also Tetragnatha, thus difFer- 

 ing from the genus Jraneut (Epeira). Known also 

 as Epeira inclinata, Blackwall. 



55. Meta merianae, Scopoli. 



Bickleigh ; Clearbrook ; Beer Ferris (G. C. B.); 



Ilfracombe (T. R. R. S.); Exeter (O. P.-C). 



A larger species found in cellars and damp places. 



Known also as Epeira antriada, Blackwall, and a 



variety with a white band down the centre of the 



abdomen as E. celata, Blackwall. 



56. Meta menardi, Latreille. 



Bickleigh ; Shaugh Bridge (G. C. B.). 

 This fine species is usually found in caves and 

 cellars. It spins a large orb-web like others of the 

 genus. Known also as Epeira fusca, Blackwall. 



57. Tetragnatha extensa, \AaTa.&VL%. 

 Ivybridge ; Bickleigh ; Horrabridge. 



A very common species of elongate form which 

 sits in the centre of its web with legs stretched in 

 front and behind. Not so entirely confined to 

 marshy localities as the next species, and easily recog- 

 nized by the silvery white bands under the abdomen. 

 The jaws in the males of this genus are very large and 

 conspicuous. 



58. Pachygnatha listeri, Sundevall. 



Ilfracombe (T. R. R. S.). 

 A rarer species than the following ; found amongst 

 grass and dry leaves in woods. 



59. Pachygitatha clerkii, Sundevall. 



Lipstone ; Plymouth ; Beer Ferris (G. C. B.) ; 



Ilfracombe (T. R. R. S.). 



Resembles a Tetragnatha in the possession of very 



large mandibles, but is not elongate, and spins no 



web to speak of. Found under leaves and at the 



roots of herbage, especially in marshy places. 



60. Pachygnatha degeerii, Sundevall. 



Mount Batten ; Beer Ferris ; Clearbrook (G. 

 C. B.); Ilfracombe (T. R. R. S.). 

 Smaller and commoner than the last species. 

 Found at the roots of herbage. 



61. Cyclosacomca,Y&\\ii. 



Bickleigh ; Langstone (G. C. B.). 

 A rare but easily recognized species, having a 

 triangular abdomen, and sits in the centre of its web 

 on a band of white transparent silk, possibly from a 

 distance appearing like the dung of a small bird upon 

 the surrounding foliage. Known also under Epeira. 



62. Zilla x-notata, Clerck. 



Ivybridge ; Stonehouse (G. C. B.); Salcombe 

 (T. R. R. S.). 

 A very common spider, usually spinning its web on 

 or in the proximity of buildings. The web has a 



vacant, wedge-shaped piece with a single free ray 

 from the centre. Known also as Epeira similis. Black- 

 wall. 



63. Zilla atrica, C. L. Koch. 



Beer Ferris (G. C. B.). 

 Almost as common as the above, but more usually 

 confined to the foliage of trees and bushes. The 

 males have a very long palpus, while in x-notata 

 these are very short. Known also as Epeira callophylla, 

 Blackwall. 



64. Araneus cucurbitinus, Clerck. 



Ivybridge (G. C. B.); Exeter (O. P.-C). 

 A beautiful green spider with bright red tips to the 

 tail end, rendering it like the bud of a flower. Known 

 also under Epeira. 



65. Araneus diadematus, Clerck. 



(O. P.-C); Ilfracombe (T. R. R. S.). 

 By far the commonest of our spiders, being known 

 as the ' garden spider ' ; of large size, usually red- 

 brown with white lozenge-shaped spots, spinning an 

 orb-web. Known also under Epeira. 



66. Araneus cornutus, Clerck. : 



Ivybridge (G. C B.). 

 Abundant in the rush-beds, etc., near streams or in 

 swampy places. Known also as Epeira apocHsa, Black- 

 wall. 



67. Araneus umbraticus, Clerck. 



Bickleigh (G. C B.). 

 A large species very like the last in general appear- 

 ance but much more flattened, for it lives under the 

 bark of trees and posts, spinning a strong orb-web 

 and venturing out of its lurking place only at 

 nightfall. Known also under Epeira. 



68. Araneus redii, Scopoli. 



(O. P.-C.) ; Salcombe (T. R. R. S.). 

 Known also as Epeira Redii, Epeira solers, and Epeira 

 sollers. 



69. Araneus triguttatus, Fabricius. 



Bickleigh ; Cann Wood (G. C B.). 

 Not uncommon on iron palings, where the rust- 

 red patch on the forepart of the abdomen resembles 

 a spot of iron-rust, and thus favours concealment. 

 It can also be beaten from the foliage of trees. 

 Known also as Epeira agalena, Epeira triguttata, and 

 Epeira youngii. 



70. Araneus anpilatus, Clerck. 



Bickleigh ; Shaugh Bridge (G. C B.) ; Bovey 



Tracey (O. P.-C). 



This fine species has been taken in many parts of 



the south of England, notably in the New Forest. 



It can be recognized by its large size and the two 



stout pointed cones on the shoulders of the abdomen. 



7 1 . Araneus ^.bbosus, Walckenaer. 



Bickleigh (G. C B.). 

 This species somewhat resembles the last, but is 

 much smaller. Known also as Epeira arbustorum and 

 Epeira bicomis. 



72. Araneus marmoreus, Clerck. 



Bradleigh Down, Tiverton (G. C B.). 

 Known also as Epeira scalaris and Epeira pyramidata. 



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