A HISTORY OF DEVONSHIRE 



In addition to this the bars, which have been found in various places, conform to a 

 series of sizes and weights, for amongst the recorded discoveries is a smaller set representing 

 half the value of the ordinary specimens, and a larger series four times the weight of the 

 smallest. 



ExMOOR. — A part of this moor lies in Devonshire, and is ill provided with surface blocks 

 of stone suitable for rude stone monuments. Some of these, however, were sufficiently prominent 

 in the seventeenth century to attract the notice of William Camden, Tristram Risdon, and 

 Thomas Westcote, and were described by the first as ' stones pitched in order, some triangle-wise and 

 some in round compasse,' whilst the last gives a detailed description and a diagram (fig. 21) of a 

 stone row with two mSnhirs associated therewith. The row of stones and one menhir situated on 

 Maddocks Down have disappeared. The remaining mSnhir of quartz is still standing, its 

 dimensions and reconstruction of the whole monument by Mr. R. H. Worth are indicated on 

 the accompanying plan (fig. 22). 



In addition to the destruction caused by the formation of enclosures there has been a gradual 

 decay of the Exmoor stone monuments owing to the perishable nature of the slate employed, but 

 enough remains to indicate a considerable amount of primitive work. 



Some of these remnants have lately been examined and described,^ and it would seem that, like 

 the Dartmoor examples, the stone rows and mSnhirs are contiguous to and apparently connected 

 with interments. This same association applies to stones forming an isolated triangle, for it is 



adjacent to a group of barrows on 

 Challacombe Common (now en- 

 closed) O. S. vi, SE. This tri- 

 angle possesses two of its stones in- 

 tact, whilst the third is represented 

 by the trigging stones which sup- 

 ported it. It is not quite equilateral, 

 being north 54 ft., south-east 55 ft., 

 and south-west 58 ft. (fig. 23). 



In Longstone Allotment, Chap- 

 man Barrows (O. S. vi, SE) is an 

 example of what Messrs. Chanter 

 and Worth describe as a quadrilateral, 

 the definition being four stones placed 

 on or near the circumference of a 

 circle so as to form an approximately 

 rectangular figure ; at the intersec- 

 tion of the diagonals of this figure, 

 and hence approximately at the 

 centre, there stands a fifth stone. 

 A reference to the accompanying 

 plan (fig. 24) gives details and posi- 

 tion of adjacent barrow. The figures 

 appended to each stone are dimen- 

 sions in inches — the first gives the 

 width, the second the thickness, and the third the height above ground. The word 'Horiz,' 

 accompanied by an angle plus indicates the elevation of the visible horizon in the alignment 

 of the stones. 



To the north of this quadrilateral and 500 ft. distant from its centre, a line drawn practically 

 parallel to the east and west diagonal would pass through seven barrows of the Chapman group 

 (O. S. vi, SE) ; other barrows lie south and east, and the Longstone itself is companion to this 

 quadrilateral, although 2,440 ft. distant (see figs. 25 and 26 for illustrations of Maddocks Down 

 and Chapman menhirs). 713 fit. distant, in a direction approximately 30 degrees south of east, is a 

 large barrow which was opened in 1904, and which yielded a covered interment-pit with charcoal 

 and bone-ash. Fourteen hundred and fifty feet from the centre of the quadrilateral, and in a 

 direction approximately 21 degrees north of west, is a barrow which was opened in 1885, and 

 which yielded an inverted urn and burnt bone. 



Near Woodbarrow Arms (O.S. vii, SW, described in O.S. as Woodbarrow Hangings) is an example 

 of the quadrilateral in combination with a triangle ; and on Furzehill Common, over Hoaroak Water 

 (O. S. vii, NW), is an instance of a parallelogram associated with a triangle (fig. 27). Originally it 

 consisted of three rows of three members each ; now the central pillar is represented by its 

 triggers only, while the southern centre stone is broken off at ground-level. There are con- 



* Trans. Devon. Assoc, vol. xxxvii, p. 375-397. 

 370 



MADDOCKS DOWN CHAPMAN 



/oo/c/nff SAjfSJi e /«cMt'Mf S /^ 'S . 



Figs. 25, 26. — Maddocks Down and Chapman MSnhirs. 

 Views and Outlines 



