DOMESDAY SURVEY 



of Newmarch married Ralf Russell, of Kingston Russell, and Nicolas de 

 Moelis respectively,^ the latter obtaining Churchstanton, 



Yet another tenant in chief whose tenure was not connected with the 

 county was William de Ou or de Eu. He is grouped with the Frank 

 squires and held Powderham and Church Whitestone. He was the son of 

 Robert de Eu and Lescellina his wife, and had two brothers, Hugh bishop 

 of Lisieux (1050-77), and William Busac.'' He married a sister of Hugh 

 earl of Chester, by whom he left a son, but he forfeited his estates for treason 

 under William Rufus in 1096,° and they were given to a family who took 

 their name from Powderham.* On the attainder of John de Powderham 

 they were given to Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford, who gave them 

 in marriage with his daughter Margaret to Hugh earl of Devon. They were 

 held of the honour sometimes called Swale,* sometimes the castle of Haye.* 



Two lands, Blackpool and Warkleigh, which at the time of the survey 

 had been added to the hundred manor of MoUand, Speechwick, one of the 

 king's manors, as also the manor of West Bray, which was held by the 

 Englishman Alnod, went with the honour of William Meschin,' which 

 was united with that of Stoke Curcy before 1166 by the marriage of an 

 heiress, and were held of the honour of Stoke Curcy," to which honour were 

 further added the manors of Colyton Raleigh, Bystock, and Clyst William.® 

 East Down and Bradwell, Ralf de Limesei's estates, went to tlae honour of 

 Odingesels,^" MoUand Botreaux to the Herefordshire honour of Wigmore.^^ 



Besides the tenants who held lands by ordinary military service, there 

 existed a number of tenants in chief of the crown who held lands by some 

 special service about the king's person or court, which are now known as 

 grand or petty serjeanties. The Exeter Book says nothing about the terms of 

 service, but the headings ' The land of Nicolas the crossbowman,' ' The King's 

 servants,' ' English thanes,' for which the Exchequer writes ' The King's 

 thanes,' differentiate these tenants from the rest. Their estates did not as a 

 matter of course go from father to son, unless the office also went from father 

 to son, but could be given by the king to whomsoever he pleased." From 

 subsequent sources the services are mostly known in consideration of which 

 the lands were held, but in many cases they were commuted into ordinary 

 military service.^' 



The first to be mentioned among the king's tenants by special service are 

 his military officials, introduced by the heading ' The land of Nicolas the cross- 

 bowman ' (archibalistarius or arbalestarius). They include Nicolas himself the 

 crossbowman or ordnance-master, Godbold another crossbowman (arbale- 

 starius)^ a third, Fulcher {archibalestarius), William the gatekeeper [portitor^^ 



■ Round, Peerage, 198. ' Freeman, Norman Conquest, iii, 118. ' Round, Peerage, 187. 



* Polwhele, ii, 170. Lysons, ii, 422. ' Hund. R. (Rec. Com.), No. 43, p. 86. Feud, Aids, 316. 



° Inq. p.m. z Hen. V, No. 49 ; zi Edw. Ill, No. 2. 

 ' Liier Niger, gi. ^ Feud. Aids, 326. 



' Testa de Nevill {Rec. Com.), I79<j. Trans. Devon Assoc, xxix, 506. 



" Testa de NevilK^ec. Com.), 183^, 196. Trans. Devon Assoc, xxix, 506. Feudal Aids, 326. Dugdale, 

 Baronage, i, 414. 



" Feud. Aids, 316. 



" The jury so find in regard to Chilsworthy held by the king's drysalter ; Cal. Inq. p. m. Hen. Ill, 

 p. 282. 



" Testa de NeviU {Rec. Com.), p. 197-2, 198^. Red Book of Exch. (Rolls Ser.), ccxxix, and 452, names 

 five special service holdings, and Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), p. I95«. 

 " Exeter Domesday, fol. 472. 



I 393 50 



