GrUYOT on Carl Bitter. 59 



prises the Western margin of the continent with four chap- 

 ters, giving successively a review of the South-western coast 

 of Africa from Cape Negro to Cape Gonzales ; of the regions 

 on the Zaire Kiver, in Congo ; of the highland of the Ambos, 

 and of high Soudan on the North. A fifth and last section is 

 devoted to that almost isolated member of the continent, the 

 Western half, or prolongation of, the North Margin, contain- 

 ing, in two chapters, the description of the table-land of the 

 Ma'ndingos, the region of the sources of the Senegal, Gambia, 

 Niger, and the Kong mountains. 



Having thus completed a first systematic review of the cen- 

 tral highland, Eitter, in a second division, takes up the transi- 

 tion forms from the highland to the lowland, that is the great 

 river systems and their neighboring regions, which are always 

 the connecting links, the great highways between the two for 

 the people and commerce. One section is devoted to the 

 Orange river, the characteristic stream of South Africa. 

 Another, in two chapters, to the terraces and streams of Mid- 

 dle Africa, the Senegal and Gambia, and the mysterious Niger 

 with East Soudan. The master stream, Nile, follows next, in 

 six chapters ; one for the region of its sources, and the upper 

 course, two for the middle course in Sennaar and Nubia, three 

 for the lower course, upper, middle, and lower Egypt, or the 

 Delta Lands. 



Now the attention of the reader is directed in a third di- 

 vision, to the isolated highlands of the Atlas and of Barca, 

 which, detached from the main trunk of the continent, border 

 it along the Mediterranean Sea and the ocean. The Atlas 

 plateau with its mountain chains, its surrounding border 

 regions, along the sea-shore and towards the Sahara, with the 

 races which occupy it, and the small table-land of Barca, fill 

 each one of three chapters. 



The fourth and last division, the low-land of Africa, com- 

 prises two sections, the Eastern and the Western half of the 

 great desert of Sahara and Sahel. In the first section, three 

 chapters describe first the Eastern shore of that land ocean, 

 and its entrances from Egypt ; then its Northern shores, and 

 a third treats of the Oases and of their influence on the de- 

 velopment of the neighboring nations of the desert. In the 

 second section the description of Western Sahara and Sahel, 

 and the tribes of the desert, occupies the last two chapters. 

 A retrospective view of the whole continent of Africa closes 

 the book. 



The continent has thus been methodically divided into its 



