60 Charles Schuchert — Historical Geology, 1818-1918. 



1816 and is entitled An Elementary Treatise on Mineral- 

 ogy and Geology, its author being Parker Cleaveland of 

 Bowdoin College. The second edition appeared in 1822. 

 It also had a geologic map of the United States, practi- 

 cally a copy of Maclure's. To mineralogy were devoted 

 585 pages, and to geology 55, of which 37 describe rocks 

 and 5 the geology of the United States. The chronology 

 is Wernerian. Of "geological systems' ' there are two, 

 "primitive and secondary rocks." 



In 1818 appeared Amos Eaton's Index to the Geology 

 of the Northern States, having 54 pages, and in 1820 

 came the second edition, "wholly written over anew," 

 with 286 pages. The theory of the later edition is still 

 that of "Werner, with "improvements of Cuvier and 

 Bakewell," and yet one sees nowadays but little in it of 

 the far better English text-book. Eaton did very little 

 to advance philosophic geology in America. What 

 is of most value here are his personal observations in 

 regard to the local geology of western Massachusetts, 

 Connecticut, southwestern Vermont, and eastern New 

 York (1, 69, 1819; also Merrill, p. 234). 



We come now to the most comprehensive and advanced 

 of the early text-books used in America. This is the 

 third English edition of Robert BakewelPs Introduction 

 to Geology (400 pages, 1829), and the first American edi- 

 tion "with an Appendix Containing an Outline of his 

 Course of Lectures on Geology at Yale College, by Ben- 

 jamin Silliman'' (128 pages). BakewelPs good book is 

 in keeping with the time, and while not so advanced as 

 Conybeare and Phillips's Outlines of 1822, yet is far 

 more so than Silliman's appendix. The latter is general 

 and not specific as to details ; it is still decidedly Yv T er- 

 nerian, though in a modified form. Silliman says he is 

 "neither Wernerian nor Huttonian," and yet his sum- 

 mary on pages 120 to 126 shows clearly that he was not 

 only a Wernerian but a pietist as well. 



Unearthing of the Cenozoic and Mesozoic in North America. 



The Discerning of the Tertiary. — The New England 

 States, with their essentially igneous and metamorphic 

 formations, could not furnish the proper geologic envi- 

 ronment for the development of stratigraphers and 

 paleontologists. So in America we see the rise of such 

 geologists first in Philadelphia, where they had easy 



