68 Charles Schuchert — Historical Geology, 1818-1918. 



geologists of the world have not agreed, but have fol- 

 lowed the better views of Murchison and his associates. 



In 1855 G. G. Shumard discovered, and in 1860 his 

 brother B. F. Shumard (1820-1869) announced, the 

 presence of Permian strata in the Guadalupe Mountains 

 of Texas, and in 1902 George H. Girty (14, 363) con- 

 firmed this. Girty regards the faunas as younger than 

 any other late Paleozoic ones of America, and says : 

 "For this reason I propose to give them a regional name, 

 which shall be employed in a force similar to Mississip- 

 pian and Pennsylvania^ . . . The term Guadalupian is 

 suggested." 



G. C. Swallow (1817-1899) in 1858 was the first to 

 announce the presence of Permian fossils in Kansas, and 

 this led to a controversy between himself and F. B. Meek, 

 both claiming the discovery. It is only in more recent 

 years that it has been generally admitted that there is 

 Permian in that state, in Oklahoma, and in Texas. This 

 admission came the more readily through the discovery 

 of many reptiles in the red beds of Texas, and through 

 the work of C. A. White, published in 1891, The Texan 

 Permian and its Mesozoic Types of Fossils (Bull. U. S. 

 Geological Survey, No. 77). 



Carboniferous Formations. — The coal formations are 

 noted in a general way throughout the earliest volumes 

 of the Journal. The first accounts of the presence of 

 coal, in Ohio, are bv Caleb Atwater (1, 227, 239, 1819), 

 and S. P. Hildreth (13, 38, 40, 1828). The first coal 

 plants to be described and illustrated were also from 

 Ohio, in an article by Ebenezer Granger in 1821 (3, 5-7). 

 The anthracite field was first described in 1822 by Zach- 

 ariah Cist (4, 1) and then by Benjamin Silliman (10, 

 331-351, 1826) ; that of western Pennsylvania was 

 described by William Meade in 1828 (13, 32). ■ 



The Lower Carboniferous was first recognized by W. 

 W. Mather in 1838 (34, 356). Later, through the work 

 of Alexander Winchell (1824-1891), beginning in 1862 

 (33, 352) and continuing until 1871, and through the 

 surveys of Iowa (1855-1858), Illinois (essentially the 

 work of A. H. Worthen, 1858-1888), Ohio (1838, Mather, 

 etc.), and Indiana (Owen, etc., 1838), there was even- 

 tuallv worked out the following succession: 



