70 Charles Schuchert — Historical Geology, 1818-1918. 



the western part was James Hall's (1811-1898) Fourth 

 District. Paleontology for a time was in charge of T. A. 

 Conrad (1830-1877), the mineralogical and chemical work 

 was in the hands of Lewis C. Beck; the botanist was 

 John Torrey; and the zoologist James DeKay. 



The New York State Survey published six annual 

 reports of 1675 pages octavo, and four final geological 

 reports with 2079 pages quarto. Finally in 1846 

 Emmons added another volume on the soils and rocks 

 of the state, in which he also discussed the Taconic and 

 New York systems; it has 371 pages. With the com- 

 pletion of the first survey, Hall took up his life work 

 under the auspices of the state — his monumental work, 

 Paleontology of New York, in fifteen quarto volumes of 

 4539 pages and 1081 plates of fossils. In addition to all 

 this, there are his annual and other reports to the 

 Regents of the State, so that it is safe to say that he 

 published not less than 10,000 pages of printed matter 

 on the geology and paleontology of North America. 



In regard to this great series of works, all that can be 

 presented here is a table of formations as developed by 

 the New York State Survey. Practically all of its 

 results and formation names have come into general use, 

 with the exception of the Taconic system of Emmons and 

 the division terms of the New York system. (See p. 71.) 



The New York State Survey, begun in 1836, was con- 

 tinued by James Hall from 1843 to 1898. During this 

 time he was also state geologist of Iowa (1855-1858) and 

 Michigan (1862). Since 1898, John M. Clarke has ably 

 continued the Geological Survey of New York, the state 

 which continues to be, in science and more especially in 

 geology and paleontology, the foremost in America. 



Western Extension of the New York system. — Before 

 Hall finished his final report, we find him in 1841 on "a 

 tour of exploration through the states of Ohio, Indiana, 

 Illinois, a part of Michigan, Kentucky, and Missouri, and 

 the territories of Iowa and "Wisconsin. ' ' This tour is 

 described in the Journal (42, 51, 1842) under the caption 

 "Notes upon the Geology of the Western States." His 

 object was to ascertain how far the New York system as 

 the standard of reference "was applicable in the western 

 extension of the series.' ' In a general way he was very 

 successful in extending the system to the Mississippi 

 River, and he clearly saw "a great diminution, first of 



