198 Lull — Development of Vertebrate Paleontology. 



Eiitimeyer of Bale was one of the most famous Euro- 

 pean writers on mammalian paleontology, and his 

 researches were both comprehensive and clothed in such 

 form as to give them a high place in paleontological lit- 

 erature. He studied comparatively the teeth of ungu- 

 lates, discussed the genealogy of mammals, and the 

 relationships of those of the Old and New Worlds. He 

 was an exponent of the law of evolution as set forth by 

 Darwin, and his "genealogical trees of the Mammalia 

 show a complete knowledge of all the data concerning the 

 different members in the succession, and are amongst the 

 finest results hitherto obtained by means of strict scien- 

 tific methods of investigation" (Zittel, History of Geol- 

 ogy and Palaeontology, 1901). The mammals of the 

 Swiss Eocene have been studied in much detail by 

 Stehlin. 



For Great Britain, the most notable contributors were 

 Buckland in his Reliquiae Diluvianae ; Falconer, co-author 

 with Cautley on the Tertiary mammals of India ; Charles 

 Murchison, who wrote on rhinoceroses and probosci- 

 deans ; and more recently Bush, Flower, Lydekker, Boyd 

 Dawkins, L. Adams, and C. W. Andrews. . But by far the 

 most commanding figure of all was Sir Richard Owen, 

 who for half a century stood without a peer as the 

 greatest of authorities on fossil mammals. It was the 

 Natural History of the British Fossil Mammals and 

 Birds, published in 1846, that established Sir Richard's 

 reputation. 



Russia has produced much mammalian material, 

 especially from the Tertiary of Odessa and Bessarabia, 

 and from the Quaternary of northern Russia and Siberia. 

 These have been described mainly by J. F. Brandt, A. 

 von Nordmann, but especially by Mme. M. Pavlow of 

 Moscow. 



Forsyth-Major discovered in 1887 a fauna contem- 

 poraneous with that of Pikermi in the Island of Samos 

 in the Mediterranean. 



One of the most remarkable recent discoveries of fossil 

 localities was that announced in 1901 by Mr. Hugh J. L. 

 Beadnell of the Geological Survey of Egypt and Doctor 

 C. W. Andrews of the British Museum of London, of 

 numerous land and sea mammals of Upper Eocene and 

 Lower Oligocene age in northern Egypt. The exposures 

 lay about 80 miles southwest of Cairo in the Fayum dis- 



